Dictionary
An American Dictionary of the English Language
Revised and enlarged (Goodrich & Porter)
Springfield, Mass. · G. & C. Merriam · 1865
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Look up a word as the writers of the time used it.
Sŭb-spē'ciēs, n. p. 1318A subordinate species; a division of a species. See SPECIES.Sŭb-sphĕr′i-cal, a. p. 1318Nearly spherical; having a figure resembling that of a sphere.Sŭb’stance, n. p. 1318That which underlies all outward manifestations; substratum; the permanent subject or cause of phenomena, whether material or spiritual; that in which properties inhere; that which is real, in…Sŭb'stance, v. t. p. 1318To furnish or endow with substance; to supply property to; to make rich. [Obs.]Sŭb'stance-less, a. p. 1318Having no substance; unsubstantial. [Rare.]Sub-stān’tial, a. p. 1318Belonging to substance; actually existing; real. If this atheist would have his chance to be a real and substantial agent, he is more stupid than the vulgar. Bentley. 2. Not seeming or imaginary…Sub-stăn′ti-ăl′i-ty, n. p. 1318The state of being substantial; corporeity; materiality. The soul is a stranger to such gross substantiality. Glanville.Sub-stăn’tial-īze, v. t. p. 1318To make substantial. [Rare.]Sub-stăn′tial-ly, adv. p. 1318In a substantial manner; really; solidly; truly; essentially; competently. In him his Father shone, substantially expressed. Milton. The laws of this religion would make men, if they would truly…Sub-stăn’tial-ness, n. p. 1318The state or quality of being substantial; firmness; strength; power of holding or lasting; as, the substantialness of a wall or column.Sub-stăn’tials, n. pl. p. 1318Essential parts. Ayliffe.Sub-stān’ti-āte, v. t. p. 1318To make to exist. Apliffe. 2. To establish by proof or competent evidence; to verify; to make good; as, to substantiate a charge or allegation; to substantiate a declaration. Observation is, in turn…Sub-stăn/ti-ā'tion, n. p. 1318The act of substantiating or proving; evidence; proof.Sŭb'stan-tīv'al, a. p. 1318Of, pertaining to, or in the nature of, a substantive.Sŭb'stan-tive, a. p. 1318Betokening, or expressing, existence; as, the substantive verb, that is, the verb to be. 2. Depending on itself; able; independent. [Obs.] He considered how sufficient and substantive this land was…Sŭb'stan-tīve, n. p. 1318(Gram.) A noun or name; the part of speech which designates something that exists, or some object of thought, either material or immaterial; thus, man, horse, city, goodness, excellence, are…Sŭb'stan-tive, v. t. p. 1318To convert into a substantive; to use as a substantive. [Obs.]Sŭb'stan-tīve-ly, adv. p. 1318In a substantive manner; in substance; essentially. 2. (Gram.) As a substantive, name, or noun; as, an adjective or pronoun may be used substantively.Sūb'stīle, n. p. 1318See SUBSTYLE.Sŭb’sti-tūte, v. t. p. 1318To put in the place of another; to exchange. Some few verses are inserted or substituted in the room of others. (Congreve.)Sŭb'sti-tūte, n. p. 1318One who, or that which, is substituted or put in the place of another; that which stands in lieu of something else. Hast thou not made me here thy substitute. Milton. Ladies [in Shakespeare's age]…Sŭb/sti-tū'tion, n. p. 1318The act of substituting, or putting one person or thing in the place of another; as, the substitution of an agent, attorney, or representative, to act for one in his absence; the substitution of bank…Sŭb'sti-tū'tion-al, a. p. 1319Of, or pertaining to, substitution; standing in the place of another; substituted.Sŭb'sti-tū'tion-al-ly, adv. p. 1319In a substitutional manner; in the way of substitution.Sŭb'sti-tū'tion-a-ry, a. p. 1319Of, or pertaining to, substitution; substitutional.Sŭb'sti-tū'tive, a. p. 1319Tending to afford or furnish a substitute; making substitution; capable of being substituted.Sub-strāct', v. t. p. 1319To subtract. [Obs.] See SUBTRACT. Barrow.Sub-străc'tion, n. p. 1319Subtraction. [Obs.] See SUBTRACTION. 2. (Law.) The withdrawing or withholding of some right. ☞ Thus the substraction of conjugal rights is when either the husband or wife withdraws from the other and…Sŭb'strāte, n. p. 1319That which lies beneath; a substratum. [Rare.] Good.Sŭb'strāte, a. p. 1319Having very slight furrows.Sub-strāte', v. t. p. 1319To strew or lay under any thing. [Obs.] “The melted glass being supported by the substrated sand.” Boyle.Sub-strā'tum, n. p. 1319That which is laid or spread under; a layer of earth lying under another. 2. (Agric.) The subsoil. 3. (Metaph.) The permanent subject of qualities or cause of phenomena; substance.Sub-strŭc'tion, n. p. 1319Under-building; foundation. It is a magnificent strong building, with a substruction very remarkable. Evelyn.Sub-strūct'ūre, n. p. 1319An under structure; a foundation.Sŭb-stȳ'lar, a. p. 1319Of, pertaining to, or consisting of, the substýle.Sŭb'style, n. p. 1319(Dialing.) A right line, on which the style or gnomon of a dial is erected, being the common section of the face of the dial, and a plane perpendicular to it passing through the style. [Written also…Sŭb-sŭl'phate, n. p. 1319(Chem.) A sulphate with an excess of the base. Thomson.Sŭb-sŭl'phide, n. p. 1319(Chem.) A non-acid compound consisting of one equivalent of sulphur and more than one equivalent of some other body, as a metal. See SUB.Sub-sŭl'tive, a. p. 1319Subsultory. [Rare.] Bp. Berkeley.Sub-sŭl'to-ri-ly, adv. p. 1319In a subsultory manner; by leaps, starts, or twitches. [Obs.] Bacon.Sub-sŭl'to-ry, a. p. 1319Bounding; leaping; moving by sudden leaps or starts, or by twitches. [Rare.] “Rapid and subsultory [numbers in tragedy].” Armstrong.Sub-sūl'tus, n. p. 1319(Med.) A starting, twitching, or convulsive motion.Sub-sūme’, v. t. p. 1319To take up into or under, as individual under species, species under genus, or particular under universal; to include under something else. “To judge, that is, to subsume one proposition under…Sub-sŭmp'tion, n. p. 1319The act of subsuming, or of including under another. “Whether you see cause to go against the rule, or the subsumption under the rule.” De Quincey. The first act of consciousness was a subsumption of…Sub-sŭmp'tĭve, a. p. 1319Relating to, or containing, a subsumption. Coleridge.Sŭb-tăn'ġent, n. p. 1319(Geom.) The part of the axis contained between the ordinate and tangent drawn to the same point in a curve.Sŭb'tar-tā're-an, a. p. 1319Being or living under Tartarus. “Subtartarean powers.” Pope.Sub-tēg′ū-lā′ne-ous, a. p. 1319Under the roof, or under the eaves; hence, within doors. [Rare.]Sŭb-tĕn'ant, n. p. 1319(Law.) A tenant who hires, or obtains a lease, of one who is also a tenant.Sub-tĕnd', v. t. p. 1319To extend under, or be opposite to; as, the line of a triangle which subtends the right angle; the chord which subtends an arc.Sub-tĕnse', n. p. 1319(Geom.) The line subtending or stretching across; the chord; as, the subtense of an arc.Sŭb-tĕp'id, a. p. 1319Very moderately warm.Sŭb'ter p. 1319A Latin preposition, signifying under, used as a prefix in English with the same meaning as sub, but less general in its application.Sŭb'te-rēte', a. p. 1319Somewhat terete or taper.Sub-tĕr'flu-ent or Sub-tĕr'flu-oūs, a. p. 1319Running under or beneath. [Rare.]Sŭb'ter-fūge, n. p. 1319That to which a person resorts for escape or concealment; hence, a shift; an evasion; an artifice employed to escape censure or the force of an argument, or to justify opinions or conduct. Affect not…Sŭb'ter-rāne, n. p. 1319A cave or room under ground. [Obs. or rare.] Bryant.Sŭb/ter-rā/ne-al, a. p. 1319Underground; subterranean. [Obs.] Boyle.Sŭb'ter-rā'ne-an or Sŭb'ter-rā'ne-ous, a. p. 1319Being or lying under the surface of the earth; situated within the earth, or under ground; as, subterranean springs; a subterraneous passage.Sŭb/ter-rā'n'i-ty, n. p. 1319A place under ground. [Obs.]