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The American Sentinel, Vol. 7, No. 33

IN all the gain of godliness, however, there is no concrete thing mentioned. All
Earlier text: IN all the gain of godliness, however, there is no concrete thing mentioned. All

The Trial by Battle

By W. H. M.

It is the first impulse of the natural man to assert his rights, either real or assumed, by a resort to personal combat. No longer ago than the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries this method of determining disputes was a part of the English code, acknowledged and practiced in due form as an accepted judicial procedure. As late as 1817 Lord Ellenborough declared that “the general law of the land is that there shall be a trial by battle in cases of appeal unless the party brings himself within some of the exceptions.” In 1818 the law was abolished. But neither the theory nor the practice of trial by battle seems to have been done away with. It continues to this day. Appeal to the court of violence is now more common than ever. The organized iron workers of Homestead have taken the issue of battle “on a writ of right,” against their unorganized fellow workmen. The miners of Cœur d’Alene have put their claims to the same test, as against the same opponents. The railroad switchmen of Buffalo have left their switches and are burning cars by the hundred, while the military must be called out to protect their fellow switchmen who wish to work. The excuse of the coal miners of Tennessee for violence presents itself in another form, but its results, while more indirect, are still the same, in throwing hundreds of men out of employment who were dependent upon the output of the mines for coal to run the machinery which gave them work. But beyond this is the grave fact that thousands of men are in armed rebellion against the authority of the State. The State is for the time being in subjection to an unlawful, armed assembly. They have proved the State powerless to protect others, they may yet find it powerless to protect them.
No greater travesty ever was enacted in all the world than these scenes of violence which purport to be for the betterment of the laboring man, and really are but the battles of one set of laboring men against another, and the result nothing but loss of time, loss of money, physical injury, to whom?—The laboring man. They certainly prove it true that he who takes the sword shall perish by the sword.
But the labor world is not alone in organization to gain its ends by force and violence. The religious world is doing the same thing. As strange and contradictory a thing as it seems, it is nevertheless true. They quote the Master as saying, “My kingdom is of this world, and therefore will my servants fight.” According to this reading of the Master’s words they are organizing the church militant on every possible line of civil, political, and legal aggression; and, even beyond that, conspiring to boycott, and in public meetings urging that their purposes be carried out even if to do it should require the bullet and the bayonet. What a burlesque it all is? In the name of fellowship and mutual protection the laboring men turn and rend each other! In the name of Christ, who brought peace on earth and good-will to men, these great religious organizations turn his gospel of peace into a gospel of force, his good-will to all men into ill-will to all who dissent. Oh, the burlesque of it! Where is the voice that will sound the truth so loud that it will ring in the ears of every man?
W. H. M.

The Agitation Will Continue.

NOTWITHSTANDING the fact that Congress has undertaken to champion the counterfeit Sabbath, thus committing the Government to a course of religious legislation, the question of the Sunday closing of the World's Fair is not yet fully settled. Of course, it is entirely unlikely that Congress will undo what it went so far out of its way to do; nevertheless the action of the Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners in National convention at St. Louis, on the 8th inst., is significant. That body adopted a resolution in regard to the Fair, demanding of Congress the repeal of the clause, of the act recently passed, closing the Fair on Sunday, also calling upon the World's Columbian Exposition directory, of Chicago, to use all means in its power to keep the Exposition open, thereby keeping faith with the people from whom they have solicited and received subscriptions, and calling upon all labor unions of the craft to use every honorable means in their power to compel their representatives in Congress to vote for the opening of the World's Columbian Exposition.
This action shows that the agitation concerning the closing of the Fair, is not at an end, and the more the question is agitated the more clearly will thinking people see that Sunday is without a vestige of title to be called the Sabbath. Of course with thousands this will make not one whit of difference, but there are people who hate and despise frauds, and the Sunday institution will lose vastly more in the estimation of honest men than it can possibly gain in governmental patronage. Government may foster the counterfeit and declare it genuine but it can never make it so. It is a fraud and it can never be anything else.

A Protest Presented.

[The Daily Northwestern, of Oshkosh, Wisconsin, publishes a letter from a citizen of Wisconsin to a senator from that State and the senator's reply,—both of which show an understanding and appreciation of the utter impropriety of the legislative course taken by Congress upon religion at the World's Fair such as should be brought home to the comprehension of every citizen and every legislator in this country.]
A PROTEST against legislation by Congress closing the World's Fair on Sunday, was numerously signed in Racine and forwarded to Senator Sawyer with the following letter to which Senator Sawyer responded in the subjoined reply:—
Racine, Wis., July 13, 1892. HON. PHILETUS SAWYER—Dear Sir:
We hold, with our fathers, the founders of our great Republic, this truth to be self-evident, that all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness; that to secure these rights governments are instituted among men deriving their just power from the consent of the governed. In regard to the closing of the World's Fair on Sunday, I believe it will do more harm than good. Its success entirely depends on the honest and wise management of the institution, just as the progress of our land depends upon the honor and dignity we maintain or show to our fundamental principles. Our Nation is composed of most all kinds of nationalities and denominations. This our fathers considered, and actuated by their personal experience, and, in the light of the history of religious intolerance, provided such measures for individual liberty of conscience, and built our Republic upon such a broad foundation, where all nationalities and denominations are secured equal and exact justice, of whatever persuasion, political and religious.
The World's Fair, you will admit, is under the same obligation to the population of the world as our Government to the people, as it is not a Fair for any one nation or sect, but for the interest of the world, with the intention to ennoble the visitor, enlarge his intelligence, for educating and developing the people for a higher culture. When the Fair be given to such ends, I believe that less iniquity and immorality will be practiced by keeping it open, as it will keep the masses on the ground. My assertion is indicated by the fact that the Chicago liquor dealers want it closed.
Why not leave the authority in the hands of the directors, in whom it is trusted? The appropriation of $5,000,000, as you understand, belongs to the people, and not to any certain class of men, whether Christians or liberals. And you also know that our national as well as every State constitution favors none, but protects all. Moreover, anyone who for conscience sake can not visit the Fair on Sunday, can, of course, stay away, and unmolested worship God according to the dictates of his own conscience.
The Blue Laws of Connecticut and Massachusetts ought not to be executed in our advanced age. The Israelite's, the Adventist's, the Seventh-day Baptist's and liberal's right and liberty ought to be respected. We find the result of these strict Sunday laws all over our land, and especially in Tennessee, where many Adventists, who keep the Sabbath according to the fourth commandment, have been arrested, persecuted and fined because they have been working on Sunday. What a responsibility to our Federal Government because they do not protect their sons and daughters from such tyranny or brutality of a subordinate State in the Union. It bodes no good for our land.
Trusting that you will consider this matter and introduce the enclosed petition in the United States Senate, and defend its reasonable demands,
I am, very respectfully yours, LOUIS ELHOLM.
United States Senate, Washington, July 15, 1892. LOUIS ELHOLM—Dear Sir: Yours with the protest enclosed against legislation by Congress to close the World's Fair at Chicago upon the Sabbath day received. I fully agree with you and those signing the protest that Congress ought not to legislate in this direction. I will present the protest to-day to the United States Senate. Yours truly, PHILETUS SAWYER.

Call for a Council of Religion.

A CORRESPONDENT of the Washington Post expresses himself as to the Sunday question in Congress, and the country at large, in these spicy paragraphs:—
The recent senatorial phase of the irrepressible conflict over the Sunday question, while it did not solve the great problem of this country, is nevertheless valuable. It not only shows how incongruously a religious rider may be placed upon a purely worldly appropriation bill, but is fresh evidence of the fact that seldom may a discussion of the Sunday question be had without some of the participants showing a lamentable lack of preparation; without advocates of the several views indulging in a priori and exparte reasoning, if the bull may be pardoned; without issues of most diverse kind being interjected into the debate, and without somebody evincing a spirit which several centuries of Sunday observance should in all reason have eliminated from his personality.
Losing one's temper, garbling facts, making wide the borders of one's phylacteries, thanking God that one is not as other men are, or pandering for political or financial reasons to that indefinite, erratic, and evanescent figment known as common consciousness, will never settle the Sunday question. If men had always paid to public opinion that deference which it has always demanded, Brother John Jasper would be able to solidify his theory that “the sun do move” into a dogma; there would be no World's Fair, for the simple reason that Columbus would never have made the alleged discovery of America, the divine right of kings would never have been superseded by the divine right of the party boss in this free and glorious Republic, and a belief in the propriety of slaying supposititious witches would have extended, as has Sabbatarianism, its contemporary of the Mosaic dispensation, beyond the narrow confines of New England. There certainly ought to be some means evolved of solving the rather un-American situation enunciated in the question,—Shall 63,000,000 people be compelled to do any particular thing merely because 10,000,000 or even 20,000,000, say they think it ought to be done?
If I was not one of those 10,000,000 inclined to the orthodox observance of Sunday, perhaps I might not generalize in this way. But that I favor such an observance, though perhaps in no ironclad way, even with a backing of 9,999,999 others, is no more reason for interfering with the rights and opinions of the other 53,000,000 inhabitants of the United States than that I should endeavor to compel everybody else to smoke a pipe because nicotine has a pleasant effect upon my nerves. Nobody's opinion was ever really changed by an appeal to fear or prejudice; the stake, no matter by whom employed, was never a very efficacious means of increasing church membership, and threats of turning a man out of any particular denomination because he has been honest enough, for instance, to voice a change of sentiment from the standpoint that children unbaptized dying in infancy are eternally damned, will not cause him to lose faith in the church of God on earth, or in the final triumph of truth.
As in every other controversy, an appeal to human reason, which is of as divine origin as is the breath of life, is the only legitimate method of reaching some plane, where the great majority of the people, if not all ultimately, may unite in the observance of a rest day. The average American citizen who uses his mind is opposed to dogmatic dictation, whether it comes from the politician, from the pulpit, or from its auxiliary, the press. But the American citizen is prone to give respectful hearing to the advocacy of any opinion reasonably advanced, and is open to conviction to any theory, provided it be permeated with the enlightenment of the nineteenth century. Heretofore the Sunday question has been debated from the partisan standpoint, either for or against, and the dogma of those insisting upon the observance of the first day of the week in their own particular way has been equaled only by the dictum of those who have departed radically from what dogmatists insist has been the practice of the centuries. It may be there is a middle ground to which all might approach if the question were discussed in all its hygienic, economic, philosophic, and historic aspects. To be sure historic criticism is, from one point of view, rank heresy, but historic criticism, the purpose to know the truth in spite of the overturning of pet theories or even the public opinion of centuries, will continue until its results shall have become so orthodox that its advocates shall be in a position to denounce as heretics all persons not accepting its conclusions. Somehow or other, human nature has always shown such a flaw, and one of the easiest methods of ending a dispute is to call your opponents names.
Would it not be practicable to hold in this country a convention on the Sunday question? The Senate of the United States is hardly qualified to decide a religious controversy, and the country must look elsewhere for a settlement. Why not have a body representing every phase of thought on the subject, where the voice of labor, of the employer, of the pulpit, of the congregation, of the press, of the reading public, in fact, of every class in the community, may be heard on equal terms and with equal patience? The subjects to be discussed might include such questions as these: How did orthodoxy of the years '33–'50 regard the position of Jesus Christ and his apostles on the Sabbath question? Was the first Sunday legislation a partnership of organized Christianity with paganism? Why should American citizens of the nineteenth century be bound by politico-religious legislation of the seventeenth century in England? Has the insistence of an adherence to practices 200 years old resulted in a consistent observance of the spirit or the letter of Sunday laws by those who would have Government interfere in matters of conscience? Is there any material difference between the man of means drinking ice water on Sunday after his return from church and the iceman visiting a museum after he has delivered the ice?
Why would not the Parliament of Religions to be held at the World's Fair satisfy the Post’s correspondent? These questions will no doubt be determined there for the whole world, and Congress and Legislatures receive notice to legislate accordingly.
THE Mail and Express, however, exults at this puerile enforcement of a religious law, and exults because it does enforce what the Mail and Express thinks is religion:—
The attention of at least one New Yorker has been brought suddenly and forcibly to the fact that there is a State law forbidding fishing on Sunday, and that public acquiescence in its infraction has not operated to repeal the law. The General Term in the Second Department has just emphasized the law by affirming the conviction of a prominent New York sportsman who was arrested a year ago for fishing in a private pond, near Newburg. The effect of this decision will be to remind Sunday fishermen that they are liable to arrest and punishment anywhere within the confines of the Empire State. Around New York, in the Hudson River, in Lake George and the Adirondacks, the prohibition has long been considered as practically a dead letter, and has been violated constantly and without the slightest restraint; and because what is everybody’s business is nobody’s, arrests have been exceedingly infrequent. Here, however, is Section 265 of the Penal Code, which Judge Cullen’s General Term opinion holds to cover all the waters, public or private, in the State of New York: “All shooting, hunting, fishing, horse racing, gaming or other public sports, exercises or shows upon the first day of the week, and all noise disturbing the peace of the day are prohibited.”
If civil law can prohibit one from fishing in a private pond on Sunday, what are the limits of civil authority for the enforcement of the observance of Sunday?
THE Woman’s Voice, of Boston, has this commendation of the action of a Massachusetts’s Law and Order League in the enforcement of Sunday laws at Nantasket beach. It is noticeable that it is the Sunday desecration which is the objective point of attack, while the riotousness seems but secondary:—
“The promptness with which the Law and Order League have taken steps to prevent the Sabbath breaking which is causing much disturbance at Nantasket beach, is to be highly commended. The superintendent of the Old Colony railroad is also evidently a man of right principles, as he stopped the running of Sunday trains to Nantasket, in order to assist the citizens in maintaining order. The acts have been so riotous of late that there has been danger to life and limb; and even those who have no regard for the sanctity of the Sabbath, from a Christian standpoint, are shocked at the scenes which have occurred at Nantasket on the Sabbath this year.”

NATIONAL RELIGIOUS LIBERTY ASSOCIATION.

The Northwestern Christian Advocate contains this note in reference to the progress of the movement for Sunday observance in foreign countries:—
“The European Sunday is in decided disfavor at the leading European capital. Berlin has now its compulsory day of rest. The new law suspends all employment and closes all places of business, except restaurants and cafes, between ten o’clock Saturday night and two o’clock Sunday morning, and after two o’clock on Sunday afternoon. We commend this to American agitators for a European Sabbath.”
A SPECIAL telegram to the Pittsburg Dispatch, from Punxsutawney, Pa., says:—
The congressional conferees who remained here over Sunday did not waste any time to-day. The different delegations wanted this recess more for repairing their political fences than for rest. The Indiana candidate, conferees and other friends left for home late last evening, and they expect to return tomorrow with renewed strength. The Westmoreland, Jefferson and Armstrong County followers attended church this morning. The afternoon passed very quietly in discussing the situation and forming plans for the coming week's campaign.
Matthew Saint Quay and the Pittsburg preachers have evidently determined to consecrate Sunday to politics in Pennsylvania.
Where there is religious intolerance it can not be invariably depended upon to strike just where the religious majority wishes. It uses a double edged sword that is sometimes dangerous to friends as well as to foes. The Interior, of Chicago, is troubled about this evidence of paganism in Massachusetts:—
The best evidence that “New England is becoming pagan” is the recent arrest of two young men, at Everett, Mass. They were singing hymns in the public square on Sunday. It will be remembered that William F. Davis was imprisoned a few years ago for preaching the gospel on Boston Common. The modern Athenians are not half so liberal as their pagan namesake which deemed Mars’ Hill none too distinguished a pulpit for the Apostle Paul. Shades of the Pilgrims! Where is free speech which you championed so bravely?
If the Interior could really see the “paganism” of New England it would not invoke the shades of the Pilgrims.
The New York World has this editorial item in reference to Sunday fishing:—
The Supreme Court holds that the law as it stands forbids all fishing in this State on Sunday, under penalties.
That law ought to be repealed. It is wholly out of tune with the spirit of our institutions and it shuts out from a healthful and innocent recreation that part of the population which most needs recreation out of doors.
It is not the business of a purely secular State to concern itself with holy days except to secure to all men equally their rights of conscience. The law in this country has no business to prescribe religious observances of any kind or to enforce them. All that belongs to private opinion.
When the State has by law secured to every man the right to observe what day he pleases, undisturbed by others, it has done quite all it can do consistently with our system and theory of government.
All Sunday laws that go beyond that limit are un-American and oppressive.
Nevertheless these un-American and oppressive laws exist. They will increase and multiply. It is high time that all who understand their oppressiveness and unrighteousness condemn them as emphatically as this. They ought to be repealed. Why are they not, why will they not be repealed?
In New Braunfels, Texas, they are having a brisk agitation of the Sunday law question. The New Braunfels Herald takes the proper position in opposition to Sunday laws, that it is not a proper sphere for the exercise of civil authority, and at the same time denies that there is any authority from God for abstaining from labor on Sunday. Continuing, the Herald says:—
If there was such an authority it would be a matter of religion, and would come under the province of the pulpit, and not the legal forum.
This is a free country, or at least ought to be, so far as religion is concerned, and no man or set of men have any right to dictate to me how or when I shall worship God, or whether I shall worship God or devil, for it is none of their business.
The founders of our Government very wisely separated Church and State, and provided that all persons should be protected in the right to worship God in his or her own way, and a Sunday law is in direct violation of this fundamental principle, and is a direct attempt to coerce men in their religious opinions, and for this reason ought to be denounced by all lovers of liberty.
But the Sunday laws exist. The coercion has begun. Why has this not been found out before?
The Supreme Court of the State of New Jersey, has determined that a fine of one dollar only can be levied upon proprietors of open Sunday amusements in that State and the report therefore is that, on Sunday, Aug. 14, at Atlantic City, contrary to the usual custom and the city ordinances, several carousels, toboggan and scenic railways, and other places of amusement were opened to-day, taking advantage of the recent decision of the State Supreme Court that a fine of one dollar only could be imposed upon places of amusement for remaining open on Sunday.
The police authorities made no attempt to close the places, but took the names of the proprietors.
The Kentucky Journal expresses itself thus incisively upon the late utterances of the Mail and Express on the passage of the bill closing the World's Fair on Sundays:—
“Col. Elliot F. Son-in-Law Shepard, of the New York Mail and Express, is sending out marked copies of his paper telling the story in scare headlines that the Sabbath will be sacred, and in his editorials that the Sabbath is triumphant for the World's Fair will be ‘closed on the Lord’s day, commonly called Sunday.’ But the Lord’s day is not Sunday, but the Sabbath, commonly called Saturday, as Shepard, who heads his columns every day with a verse of scripture ought to know.
“But Mr. Shepard is harmless, and the only reason for noticing his fusillade, is to ask whether, because he advocated the closing of the World's Fair on Sunday, he was thereby given the right to become a stalwart liar? The information is desired for the reason that in the edition in which thanks are scattered for the congressional saving of the Sabbath Col. Shepard with the energy of a cheerful liar asserts that Kolb, the Third Partyite has been elected Governor of Alabama, over Jones, Democrat, by thirty thousand majority. And then he goes ahead quoting scripture, remarking that in godliness there is great gain, and there is, no doubt, for hypocrites of the Shepard stamp, great temporal gain.”

POLISHED STONES AND SHARPENED ARROWS,

By C. W. BIBB

BY C. W. BIBB.

SCRIPTURE TEXTS AND ILLUSTRATIONS FOR THE CHRISTIAN WORKER AND THE HOME.

This volume was prepared to serve as a hand-book of illustrations for the preacher, the teacher, and the Christian worker, that they may abound more and more in every good word and work. An apt illustration will often touch the secret spring of the heart so that its door will swing open to receive the truth. The book is divided into twenty-three chapters, and contains an index to scripture texts to which the reader can quickly refer and find the illustration which accompanies the Bible text. The book contains 374 pages, bound in brown cloth, price $1.25.

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This Speller gives the most complete list of words in common use; it is a Speller, Dictionary, Handy Companion, and Memorandum Book combined; it is indexed; it prints all words pronounced alike but spelled differently, so they can be distinguished at a glance; it shows where the letter e at the end of a word is to be dropped when adding ed or ing; it gives a complete list of the most practical business forms; it gives the laws of etiquette in social and business life; these rules alone are worth the price of the Speller.
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THE STORY OF JESUS.

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BY MRS. G. E. MORTON.
A successful attempt to adapt the life of Christ to the comprehension of children of four years old and under. The charm of the story and the simplicity of the telling make this one of the very best books that can be given to a child.—New York Observer.
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CRUDEN'S CONCORDANCE,

A DICTIONARY,
And Alphabetical Index
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HEALTH FOODS.

PURE CRACKERS AND BISCUITS,

and Cereal Coffee
MANUFACTURED BY THE BATTLE CREEK BAKERY COMPANY
Established in 1881.
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Price
“A” Fruit Biscuits, white flour, sweetened, per lb. 15c
“B” Fruit Biscuits, whole wheat flour, 15c
Fruit Crackers, not sweetened, 15c
Lemon Cream Biscuits, 12c
Graham Biscuits, 12c
Oat Meal, 12c
“A” Graham Crackers, slightly sweetened 10c
“B” Graham Crackers, not sweetened 10c
“A” Oat Meal, slightly sweetened 10c
“B” Oat Meal, not sweetened 10c
Whole Wheat Crackers, 10c
White Crackers, very palatable, 10c
Carbon Crackers, 15c
Gluten Crackers, 30c
Cereola, a prepared grain food, in bulk, 10c
Pure Gluten, 40c
Wheat, 20c
Cereal Coffee, prepared from grains only, a very choice and healthful drink, in one and a half lb. packages (Once used, never again refused), 25c
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Price
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Lemon Cream Biscuits, 26 lbs. per box, 2.60
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Any of the above Crackers, quoted at 10 cents per lb., 38 lbs. per box, 3.00
Cereola, in cases of 50 packages, one and a quarter lbs. each, 6.00
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REFERENCES.

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URIAH SMITH, Editor Review and Herald. HON. W. C. GAGE, Ex-Mayor. J. B. KRUG, of Krug’s Business College. THOMAS H. BRIGGS, M. D. HON. GEORGE WILLARD, Pub. Journal. S. S. FRENCH, M. D. R. T. KINGMAN, Vice-President City Bank. M. RORABACHER, M. D. HON. W. H. MASON, Postmaster. HON. J. W. BAILEY, Ex-Mayor. T. E. SANDS, M. D.
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THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS

By John Bunyan

By John Bunyan.
Royal Octavo Edition in large type, and contains over 100 illustrations, 50 of which are full page. Cloth, with side stamp in ink and gold, $1.00.
THE established order of society is not at fault. The system of government is not at fault. The food supply is not insufficient. There is no stringency of currency. The origin of the whole matter is in the hearts of men. Both parties not only desire, but are determined to do by others as they would not be done by. The labor world, the financial world, the political world, the social world, the religious world, all are dominated at this time by that unrighteous spirit. Capital uses relentlessly the silent power of its inexorable tyranny to accomplish selfish ends. Labor is more than ready to appeal to brute force and violence to reach its own coveted purpose.
The Church, whose duty it should be to teach these members of the same body, which are antagonizing each other to their own destruction, that they should do to each other as they would be done by, is itself committed to the same unrighteous methods, and is by this not only disqualified from giving effective advice and counsel, but has even become an evil example. The Church makes use of unjust laws to attain its purposes. It does not hesitate to use moral compulsion to obtain legal action to effect injustice and to obtain the enactment of more extended statutes in the same line. It does not hesitate to use the illegal and unchristian boycott to further its purposes. It does not hesitate to influence Congress by fraudulent and repeated petitions, and to attempt to intimidate the representatives of the people. Its accredited mouth pieces, from the platform and the pulpit, do not hesitate to suggest the same resort to violence as that adopted by the Amalgamated Association and the Switchmen’s Union, if their claims are not granted. All are at fault. The origin of this is in the hearts of men. The remedy is in the gospel, pure and undefiled, nothing less.
Continue reading: A PARIS, Tenn., lawyer recently said to a reporter of the Chicago *Tribune*, tha