The report that the trouble in China originated in the claim of Christians to immunity from burdens borne by natives generally, simply because they were Christians, is not as improbable as it might seem at first sight. If true, history is simply repeating itself in China. Too often have missionaries gone into heathen lands carrying, not peace, but war; trusting not to the power of the gospel, but to the power of the state. It is to be feared that this is true in large measure in China.
“The purpose of Sunday laws,” says Rev. J. B. Davison, of the Wisconsin Sunday Rest Day Association, “is not to upbuild any church, or all churches, or religion in general, but to protect liberty, health, home, character, and general prosperity and thus upbuild true manhood, the main element of strength in a republic.”
True manhood is the main element of strength in a republic; but Mr. Davison errs in assuming that true manhood can be fostered by laws for Sunday observance. The individual who has true manhood will not lean on the laws; and the more an individual depends upon the legislature to secure for him liberty, health, home and character, the more dependent and lacking in true manhood will he become. Laws protect rights, but they cannot foster manhood; that must be born in an individual, or he must be educated to it. And he who believes in a God and in the binding claims of the divine law, will show his manhood by observing the Sabbath independently of human customs and laws, simply because he believes it to be his duty; this he will do if he has true manhood, and if not, his want of moral backbone cannot be supplied by a civil enactment. No man can learn to walk erect by leaning on a crutch. The more Sunday laws there are passed to enable people to do right, the more will people depend upon the law for their right doing, and that true manhood which is the main element of strength in the republic will be weakened rather than built up. Let the people be taught to do right because it is right, and to depend upon themselves for “health, home and character” rather than on the laws, if the prosperity of the republic is to be maintained.
Germany’s Imperial and Commercial Ambitions
The Inter Ocean’s London correspondent thinks that “Germany dreams of an empire to rival Great Britain’s; at present she seeks a great share of the world’s commerce; and soon she will be willing to use her guns to get it and to defend it; she avows no territorial aspirations, but if the opportunity arises she will exploit South America as England has exploited Africa.”
The Friars and Philippine Authority
One of the conditions upon which the Filipinos propose to submit to the authority of the United States is the expulsion of the friars. To this it is stated that General MacArthur made reply that this rested not with him, but with the Taft commission. “But not even the Taft commission,” says the Springfield Republican, “can decide that issue. Congress is a higher power than any number of gentlemen the President may send to study life in Luzon. And when friars are involved, even Congress will find itself bound by the Paris treaty, if not by the Constitution of the United States. Into that treaty the Spanish negotiators succeeded in writing some clauses which will give the policy of expelling the friars, or confiscating their property, an immense amount of trouble. The Filipinos may cry ‘Expel!’ Expel!’ and even Senator Lodge may say that expulsion should take place, yet expulsion is not likely to take place while William McKinley remains President of the United States and ruler of the Philippine Islands. The Filipinos by themselves would have cut the knot, as the Mexicans did under Juarez, but the United States can do nothing radical, without raising a religious issue at home.”410And we very much doubt if either of the great parties has the courage to raise such an issue. Rome has an influence in the United States to-day that is not generally realized.
Louisiana Sunday Law Fails
An effort to secure a more rigid Sunday law in Louisiana has apparently failed, the legislature of the State refusing to act. The law was sought professedly in the interests of temperance.
St. Louis Strike Results
The net results of the St. Louis strike thus far are 14 persons killed, 160 wounded and an estimated loss to the company of $1,200,000. The loss to the city in a business way has been very large.
Fraud in Cuban Service
Investigations show that the Cuban service is honeycombed with fraud. It is now said that many Cubans have been receiving large salaries for merely nominal services in connection with the University of Havana.
China and American Imperialism
The St. James Gazette thinks that “China is teaching the United States the impossibility of a great trading nation avoiding imperialism,” and adds: “America’s experience will teach her it is not the desire to grab distant lands, but unavoidable destiny that drives Great Britain ever forward. Washington has no choice but to protect the imperiled American citizens, and having once interfered in China to protect her interests, she shall never be able to shake from her shoes the dust of the celestial empire.”
American Drinking in Manila
A correspondent of the N. Y. Independent, writing of saloons in Manila, says: “I do not believe our advent to the Philippines has yet caused any appreciable increase of drinking among the islanders; this effect may possibly come later. We have brought our own vices to this land, and up to the present time we alone indulge in intemperance. When the Filipinos consider the matter at all, they say our men are fools not to realize their excesses will eventually kill them, and they marvel at the American lack of self-control in the matter of drinking as exemplified by our army.”
Sunday Laws and Church Attendance
Recently a bootblack in Springfield, Mass., was fined five dollars, not simply for “shining” a pair of shoes on Sunday, but for “shining” them after ten o’clock on Sunday—“shining” shoes at the very hour he ought to have been at church, or at least on his way there. If a part of Sunday is more “sacred” than another part it would seem that it must be the portion usually devoted to public services in the churches.
This is no modern innovation invented by the modern preacher to induce people to go to church. No sir; it was so in the time of Constantine and subsequently. It was so in England as much as two centuries ago, and it is becoming more and more apparent in our own country. We suppose that this is one reason why some people think that the prime object of Sunday laws is to encourage attendance at church by discouraging everything else. But perish the thought! Anybody who wants to can easily see that in demanding a law prohibiting the “shining” of shoes on Sunday the preachers are actuated only by the desire to promote the bootblack’s physical good. Anybody can see from the haggard look on their faces that they need rest, and if they won’t take it voluntarily they must be compelled to take it or to pay roundly for their wilfulness.
China’s Partition and American Rights
Concerning the Chinese imbroglio the New York Tribune has this to say: “Whatever may be the purposes of the European powers will not matter. This country is not to be drawn into their schemes. If after the restoration of peace it shall be found possible to leave the government of China in Chinese hands, either with or without a protectorate, well and good. The United States would hail such an arrangement with satisfaction. But if the powers, or any of them, shall proceed to a partitioning of the empire among them, the United States is not likely either to join in that work or to oppose it, but is likely rather to insist upon the maintenance in the partitioned empire of the commercial and industrial rights it has enjoyed in the integral empire. That is all it wants, and less than that no friendly power could expect it to accept.”
But already Europe has “served notice,” through certain influential papers, that unless the United States shares the burdens of restoring peace, or in other words, unless the United States becomes a party to the agreement to be entered into by the powers, she can expect none of the benefits.
The Sabbath Question in Raratonga.
The following is from the Boston Sunday Journal of June 17:
If it were not for the war in South Africa the strange rebellion in Raratonga would be attracting attention. Raratonga is a Pacific island under the British flag, whose population has been evangelized by the London Missionary Society. Most voyagers are acquainted with the disturbing effects of the 180th degree of longitude, and the first missionaries to Raratonga forgot they had passed that important imaginary line. The consequence was that the first Sunday they announced in Raratonga was in reality a Saturday, and the mistake was perpetuated until quite recently, when the Legislature corrected the blunder and put the calendar right.
Then came the trouble. The evangelized natives, furiously Sabbatarian, refused to recognize the change. They deserted the churches of the London Missionary Society and kept the old Sunday (now Saturday) religiously in their homes. In the words of a special correspondent of the New Zealand Herald, who has visited the scene, “the greatest excitement is being experienced over the change. All the business houses and government offices have adopted it, but large numbers of the superstitious natives are in rebellion.”
The truth is that these islanders were keeping the very day specified in the divine commandment, which says, “The seventh day is the Sabbath of the Lord thy God.” Moreover, a goodly number of them were keeping it not as Sunday, the first day of the week, but keeping it intelligently for what it is—the seventh day, the Sabbath of the Lord. This explains why some at least are unwilling to surrender this day at the behest of the civil authorities.
But the scornful tone of the foregoing quotation shows how utterly impossible it is for many to appreciate411what it is to have a genuinely conscientious conviction regarding the keeping of any particular day. It illustrates well the truth of the Scripture which says, “The natural man receiveth not the things of the Spirit of God; for they are foolishness unto him; neither can he know them, because they are spiritually discerned.”
Brigham H. Roberts Convicted of Polygamy
Former Congressman Brigham H. Roberts, of Utah, was convicted recently in the District Court in Salt Lake on the charge of sustaining the relation of husband to each of two women at the same time. He was sentenced to pay a fine of $150 or to be imprisoned in the county jail for one hundred and fifty days. “Notice of an appeal to the State Supreme Court was given on the ground that the information upon which the defendant was tried charged that the offense had been committed in Salt Lake county, while one of the women lived in Davis county. This practically amounts to contending that a man is not guilty of polygamy or kindred offenses provided he only has one wife in each of the twenty-seven counties in the State.”
Amnesty Proclaimed in the Philippines
June 21st General McArthur, acting under orders from Washington issued in the Philippines a general proclamation of “amnesty, with complete immunity for the past and absolute liberty of action for the future, to all persons who are now or at any time since February 4, 1899, have been in insurrection against the United States in either a military or a civil capacity, and who shall within a period of ninety days from the date hereof formally renounce all connection with such insurrection and subscribe to a declaration acknowledging and accepting the sovereignty and authority of the United States in and over the Philippine Islands. The privilege herewith published is extended to all concerned without any reservation whatever, excepting that persons who have violated the laws of war during the period of active hostilities are not embraced within the scope of this amnesty.”
Commercial Rather Than Military Imperialism
By Editor
The New York Herald, hitherto credited with strong leaning toward imperialism, now says:
“Imperialism is a military, not a commercial ambition, and is one that, by a strange fatality, destroys those that cherish it. The republics of history lie buried in the ashes of empire. Is the United States getting ready to be added to the heap?”
Nevertheless we believe that the imperialism that now afflicts the United States is commercial rather than military. It is inspired by the greed of the classes rather than by the mistaken “patriotism” of the masses.
Canadians Fear Militarism.
A Canadian journal, The Westminster, sees cause for alarm in the spirit of militarism that has been developed in Canada from the connection of that country with the fortunes of the British Empire in South Africa. It says:
“One of the signs of the times is the marked and quite dangerous development of the spirit of militarism and disregard of its dangers on the part of the public. A species of military mania has manifested itself among us, and the distinction won by the Canadians in South Africa has fed this war spirit until it threatens what is best and most worth while in the character of our people. There has become common among us a way of speaking about war which is suggestive of a very marked lowering of the moral tone. There is being fostered in this city a false spirit, the wicked spirit of militarism, which unless it is checked will spoil what is best and fullest of hope in our national government.”
But what especially stirs The Westminster is the observed effect of the military spirit upon Sunday observance. “It has come to be so,” it says, “that neither the fear of God nor regard for man is esteemed of importance as against the supposed interests of militarists. We are gravely told by a military officer that the Sabbath should be devoted to rifle practice by our Toronto volunteers, in order that their marksmanship might be improved. ‘Killing the Boers’ is held up before our school boys as a laudable ambition. The Lord’s day is being degraded from a day of rest to a day of military parades, and the desecrating influence of these parades is not a whit lessened by the hollow pretense of a religious service. Is it not time some strong, earnest voice were raised in determined protest against these efforts to make Canadian nationhood after the pattern of the militarism-cursed nations of Europe?”
The Westminster’s fears for the preservation of “the Sabbath,” and for “what is best and most worth while in the character of our people,” are certainly well founded. It is the very nature of militarism to crowd out or override every other sentiment in the mind where its spirit finds a welcome; so that even regard for “the Sabbath,” so strong in most parts of Canada, becomes entirely subservient to the display of that which glorifies war, with only the “hollow pretense of a religious service” for its justification. Militarism, in short, becomes both the business and the religion of the individuals who fall under the spell of its fascinating and bewildering influence. The alarm which is now felt in Canada on this point ought to be instructive to the people of the United States.
Christian Endeavorers and Sunday Travel.
The influence that is wielded by the Christian Endeavor Society in secular as well as religious affairs, was shown the other day by the action of the managers of several leading railways, in deferring to the wishes of the society at the cost of completely altering the time schedule of their trains. There was also shown, in connection with the same, the inconsistency that seems to be naturally born of devotion to Sunday observance. The facts are thus stated by the Chicago Chronicle:
“Members of the Society of Christian Endeavor have compelled the officers of the three big railroads between Chicago and Boston, the Nickel Plate, West Shore and Boston and Albany, entirely to rearrange their time cards to avoid starting a special train bearing a delegation to the organization’s convention at the Hub from Chicago on Sunday.
“A party of Endeavorers numbering 150 from Chicago and points west of here recently arranged for a special train to take the members through to Boston. By the schedule made out by the transportation people the train was to have departed from Chicago at 10:30 p. m. Sunday, July 1.
“All details for the trip had been agreed on on both sides when the Endeavorers in charge of the affair discovered that the train was scheduled to depart from Chicago Sunday night and that the first hour and a half of the journey would be on the seventh day [first day] of the week. The consciences of the leaders of the party rebelled, and the railroad men were quickly sought. After a long conference on the question the transportation officers agreed to arrange a new time card that would start the train from Chicago at 12:01 o’clock Monday morning, July 2.
“Though the train for the east will not start from Chicago until after the last minute of the Lord’s day has been consumed, many of the party from points outside who will go on the east-bound special will arrive in the city on the morning and evening trains from the west Sunday.”
Of course, it is perfectly proper for the Endeavorers to refuse to travel on any part of a day they believe to be holy time; but the average mind will be mystified in trying to distinguish between the sinfulness of sitting in a train that is in motion on Sunday, and that of making the necessary preparations, on the part of both travelers and train men, to begin the journey one minute after Sunday is past. That is keeping the day in the sight of men rather than in the sight of God. Still it is to be remembered that men have had vastly more to do with making Sunday a412religious day than God has had, as may be learned both from history and from revelation; and from this fact it naturally follows that custom rather than consistency is regarded in the observance of the day. But consistency is ever associated with truth and right.
The World Movement Toward Denominational Union.
By B.
“The question of denominational union,” says the Literary Digest, “is fast becoming one of the most important questions of the day in all Protestant lands. In Germany, as we have lately pointed out, a strong movement exists for the federation of the state churches, amounting to nearly fifty in number; and federation is one step on the road to organic union. In Scotland, the Congregationalists and the churches of the Evangelical Union—sometimes called Morrisanians—amalgamated their forces a short time ago; and the Free and United Presbyterian churches are to become organically one next October as already mentioned in these pages. In South Australia the three leading Methodist denominations and in Canada all the various Methodist bodies, have for some years been one. This is an encouraging record.
“Besides this measure of union already attained, there are promising movements under way in England. All the great Protestant churches outside the Establishment have for some years had a strong federal organization, as we have several times pointed out. During several years past an attempt has been made to unite organically two of the Methodist bodies—the Princeton Methodists and the Bible Christians. Both are off-shoots of the original Wesleyan parent stock, but separated from it on questions of church government. According to the London correspondent of The Advance (Cong.), the consummation of this event will be delayed for some years, however, since the two bodies can not agree on the subject of lay representation in the conference.
“In America, the recently organized Federation of Churches reports substantial progress, and will begin the new century with bright prospects. The recent success of federate mission endeavors in the great Ecumenical Council in New York, and the deliverances of the Methodist Episcopal General Conference in Chicago last month on the subject of Christian unity, are also regarded as favorable signs pointing to greater comity between the churches. It is significant also that the Protestant body which has made by far the most notable gain in membership during the past nine years is the one which refuses to be called by any other name than Christian or Disciples of Christ. This body, according to Dr. Carroll’s latest statistics, in The Christian Advocate, gained 477,345 members during that period—a gain of seventy-one per cent.—and has now advanced to the sixth place among the Christian denominations in numerical strength.”
Were these churches what churches ought to be, merely organizations for evangelistic work—if their object was purely gospel work,—there could be found in these facts nothing but cause of rejoicing. But when we remember that the church of to-day is becoming more and more political continually, we cannot close our eyes to the danger that lurks in this movement. The testimony of history is that gigantic religious combinations to effect political objects are always dangerous, and since the church is using her power more and more continually in this way there is danger to liberty of conscience in church federation.
B.
Do the European Residents in Turkey Provoke Conflicts?
(From the Literary Digest) *
Complaint is made in the Correspondent (Hamburg) that the Christians resident in Turkey have not yet learned to restrain themselves, especially when they believe themselves protected by the consuls of foreign powers. “Christians,” in this case, refers not to the missionaries, but to any citizens of a country under the sway of Western civilization. The Correspondent relates the following:
“The Christians on the coast of Palestine have the foolish custom of celebrating Easter by the continual firing of pistols and guns. This almost led to a massacre at Haifa. There has been bad blood between the Christians and Mohammedans of the port for some time past, and the kaimakan (governor), to prevent an outbreak, prohibited this useless burning of powder this year. On Easter Sunday the order was respected, but on the second day several hundred shots were fired. On the third, when the French consul, dressed in his gala uniform, left the Greek church, a mob of 2,500 to 3,000 persons accompanied him, yelling Vive la republique de France! and a regular fusillade ensued.
“This behavior irritated the Mohammedans, and they made up their mind to celebrate the Mohammedan All Souls’ Day, which fell upon April 19, in the same way. The kaimakan prohibited shooting and a parade, but the sheiks came to him to inform him that they could not prevail upon their young people to abandon their project, as they were determined to show that they had as much right as the Christians. The parade took place. The Christians, fearing violence, had bought the day before all the arms they could get hold of, and had garrisoned a house on the road of the parade with 150 men, determined to accept battle if occasion offered. The authorities, however, were on the alert, and no fight occurred. It could have ended only in a general massacre. But the incident shows how provokingly the Christians act upon occasion, taunting the Mohammedans. They are encouraged in this by the influential and ambitious consuls. When passion has been aroused to fever heat in this way, very little is needed to cause an outbreak of fanaticism.”413
A dispatch from San Juan de Porto Rico, under date of June 27, says: “At a teachers’ conference, held here yesterday evening, Dr. Saldana, a member of the insular board of education, during the course of an address remarked that the Catholic religion should again be introduced into the public schools of Porto Rico.
“Dr. Campos Valladares, a Portuguese Presbyterian, superintendent of public instruction in Brazil, took exception to Dr. Saldana’s remark, and, turning to Bishop Blenk (the bishop of Porto Rico), he said, in substance, that the Catholic church had been negative in results in all the South American countries, asserting that the illiteracy prevailing there was due entirely to the church’s influence. This remark caused great excitement. No sooner were the words uttered than Bishop Blenk jumped to his feet, and, striking the table with his closed fist, shouted: ‘It’s a lie,’ adding, ‘I will not sit quietly and hear the church of which I am the representative in Porto Rico traduced in such language.’
“After a painful silence, by a common impulse the adherents of the bishop shouted as with one voice: ‘Long live Catholicism,’ and the incident was closed, though it has aroused much feeling.”
This is a point upon which Rome is very tender. It was very inconsiderate, to say the least, for Dr. Valladares to give utterances to such a distasteful truth in the presence of a Catholic bishop. Possibly, however, he did it to give the bishop opportunity to show what manner of spirit he was of.
European Criticism of the Monroe Doctrine
The Koloniale Zeitschrift (Berlin), one of the jingo members of the German press says:
“The Americans no longer connect ideas of liberty with the views expressed by Monroe. Materialism, imperialism, and low selfishness are their predominant motives, as the annexation of Hawaii and the Spanish-American war have shown. The Monroe doctrine is a mere phrase, which does not find approval in South America or in Europe. But phrases frighten nobody, and it is doubtful that the Yankees want war for the sake of phrases. The power of the United States is not overrated in Europe as much as in America. The Americans should remember that their offer to take part in the settlement of Crete was met by a pitying smile, and that their hero Dewey became silent when Admiral von Diedriches ordered his ships ready for action. If the United States were actually to uphold the Monroe doctrine, the answer would come from the mouth of cannon.”
The St. Petersburger Zeitung remarks that “the United States government is reported to have ordered its consuls in South America to report on the numbers and attitude of the German settlers in South America,” and then adds, “It is hardly to be believed that the Washington government can be so foolish as to meddle with matters which are absolutely no business of theirs. Germans have a right to settle where they please, as numerously as they please.” “It is notable that the French press,” says the Zeitung, “also aims to make Germany and the United States enemies. The French have not forgiven the disaster to Spain, and they are anxious to involve the United States in a quarrel with a real power.”
Josiah Allen’s Wife Goes a Visiting.
“Josiah Allen’s Wife” has sharpened up her pen again, and with her patient, amiable, unobtrusive husband “goes a-visitin’,” for the Ladies’ Home Journal. Every one, knowing that Josiah’s wife is “obsarvant” and “critikal,” can anticipate that in laying bare the shortcomings and mistakes of those she visits she will have abundant opportunity for the exercise of her quaint humor and homely philosophy. In the course of her “visitin’” she finds many things to set right, and there is a definite purpose underlying all her sketches. “Josiah and I Go a-Visitin’” is perhaps the best series that Mrs. Holly has ever written—superior even to her description of the Centennial which established her reputation as a humorist-philosopher of the first order. The first sketch of this new series will be published in the August Journal.
Why Jefferson Wrote the Declaration of Independence.
“It has always been a curious puzzle why Franklin, the man of ripe age, of commanding distinction and of approved literary skill, was not selected to write this declaration instead of Thomas Jefferson, then only thirty-three years old and comparatively unknown,” says John Gilmer Speed, in The Saturday Evening Post. “It could not be that Franklin was passed by because he had done everything within his power to avert the war and reconcile the differences between the Colonies and the Mother Country, for all wise men in the Colonies did all that honor permitted in that direction until the die was cast. No, it was not a fear of Franklin’s earnestness in the cause of the Colonies—it was probably the fear of Franklin’s humor.
“He was not only the greatest man of his time, but he was one of the greatest humorists of any time. And so his associates were possibly afraid that he would put a joke in the Declaration, and passed him by and selected the lank young Virginian with the freckled face.”
“As it was, Franklin did have his joke, for when the members of Congress were about to sign the Declaration, Hancock, whose earnestness is expressed in the bold signature which comes first, said in his own earnest way: ‘We must be unanimous; there must be no pulling different ways; we must all hang together.’
“‘Yes,’ replied Franklin, ‘we must hang together or we shall be pretty sure to hang separately.’”
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Ontario Lord’s Day Alliance
The Toronto World of June 29, reports a meeting of the executive board of the Ontario Lord’s Day Alliance, in Toronto, at which “a report was made of a government investigation into the question of the necessity for opening the canals on the Lord’s day.” The investigation was not finished, and the question will be argued before the government at an early date.
The new secretary of the Alliance, Rev. J. G. Shearer, is to begin on August 15 a five or six weeks’ tour of the Maritime Provinces and Quebec, accompanied by Rev. F. A. Cassidy, of Guelph, Ont., and together they will organize Lord’s Day Alliances in that territory similar to the one that is now prominent in Ontario. Evidently this move is intended as a step toward securing Sunday legislation by the Dominion parliament.
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Yellow Fever and U.S. Garrisons in Cuba
Yellow fever has reappeared in a threatening manner in Cuba, and now the question is being asked why it is necessary to maintain garrisons of United States troops in the island, exposed as they must be to the danger of attack from the dreaded scourge. The question is especially pertinent in view of the promise made by the Government to withdraw its forces when pacification was established, there being as complete peace in the island now as there is in the United States. The answer to the question must come from Washington.
Seventh-Day Adventist Prosecuted for Sunday Work
A Seventh-day Adventist barber of Newark, Ohio, named Dorsey, was arrested for keeping his shop open Sunday, June 19, and was fined $13 and costs, amounting in all to $17. This was done at the instigation of the barbers’ union. The Sunday law of Ohio provides an exemption for those who observe the seventh day, which Mr. Dorsey has regularly done; but this did not interfere at all with the prosecution brought against him for working on Sunday. And this illustrates about how valuable these Sunday law exemption clauses are as a protection to conscientious observers of the seventh day, when their enemies are determined to make them trouble for doing Sunday work. This is the third case of prosecution of conscientious Christians under the Sunday laws that we have reported within a month.
Whiskey Fire Destroys Ships and Property
A pyramid of whiskey in barrels on the steamship piers at Hoboken, N. J., was responsible on Saturday last for the loss of several hundred lives and the destruction of $10,000,000 worth of property, including several ocean liners, by fire. The catastrophe began with an insignificant blaze in a cotton bale, which was communicated to the whiskey pile, and the resulting explosion spread the flames over a vast area with the most incredible rapidity. In any case this whiskey pyramid would have caused the loss of a number of lives and of considerable property before it was all disposed of, but on this occasion an appalling penalty was paid for the manufacture and intended use of this noxious mixture that has ever been so great an enemy to mankind.
