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The American Sentinel, The Sentinel of Liberty, Vol. 15, No. 24.

Sunday Laws and the Workingman's Rest
Earlier text: Sunday Laws and the Workingman's Rest

Victory for Sunday Rest.

(Chicago Chronicle, May 24.)
It is gratifying to note that the city council of Miles City, Mont., shares in the enlightened belief that the toiler should have one day in seven in which to recruit his exhausted energies, to indulge in harmless recreation or to attend devotional services. The Miles City council believes that Sunday should be a day of rest, even though the cessation of labor on that day should involve some inconvenience to the community at large. The council is a humane body.
For, the saloon-keepers of Miles City, having petitioned the council for permission to close their places of business on Sunday—alleging brain fag as the result of overwork—the council granted the request after due deliberation.
The concession was no small one. As is well known, the wet goods business is the foremost industry of Miles City and it was no light matter thus to sanction its entire suspension one day in seven.
As one member of the council pointed out, it was not only possible but probable that citizens would feel the need of a drink on Sunday. “What will they do?” he demanded—answering his own question with the gloomy and ominous prediction: “They will go to neighboring towns to get it,” thus diverting commerce to rival municipalities and seriously disturbing the balance of trade.
But philanthropy and humanity prevailed over mere sordid considerations. The debate was animated, but in the end Sunday rest triumphed. The overworked saloon-keepers are to have one day in which to recuperate for the arduous labors of the other six.
In the meantime let us hope that the humane councilmen will not be allowed to suffer as the result of their generous action.

The Church and State Alliance

The Christian church being the body of Christ, as scripturally defined, it no more needs the support of the state than does Christ himself; and to advocate its support by the state is to advocate an alliance between the world and God.

Sunday Laws and Religious Liberty

The Vulcan (Colo.) Times wants to know “by what constitutional right do states pass Sunday laws at the behest of a combination of preachers?”
There can be but one answer to this question: there is no such right. The Times truly says: “As far as constitutional right is concerned, a man has a civil right to worship how and when he pleases, and to labor whenever it pleases him to do so.”
“But,” continues the Times, “even in Colorado there is a law on the statute books which imposes a fine of fifty dollars for working on Sunday, and the combined church element is at work manufacturing a public sentiment that will enable them to enforce it, it being only a ‘concealed weapon’ at present. If the above element succeed, and they will, then farewell to the boasted religious liberty of America, and give greeting to the faggot and the dungeon.”

Sunday Baseball Stopped by Injunction

A “championship” game of baseball which was to have been played Sunday, June 10, at Youngstown, O., was stopped by an injunction issued by a judge of that place at the instance of a portion of the church element. A decision in the case is expected shortly. A recent decision in a similar case in Michigan condemned Sunday baseball on the ground of being a disturbance, but intimated that in itself the game is a lawful form of amusement on any day of the week.

Sunday Law Effort in Hamburg

A revivalist has just closed a series of meetings in Hamburg, Ia., with one result that a strong effort is being made to secure from the city council enactment of a Sunday closing ordinance. Of course like all other Sunday laws this one if secured will be “purely civil.” It matters not that such laws enforce the observance of a religious institution, and that they are enacted in obedience to the demand of religious sentiment, they are themselves “civil;” for don’t you see, religious legislation in this country is unconstitutional, and it would never do to admit that Sunday laws are themselves violative of constitutional law? This is the reason and the only reason the “civil” dodge was ever invented.

Torture and the Sanctity of Rights

The recent torture of a negro in a Southern State to extort from him a confession of the crime for which so many of his race have paid the penalty of their lives, is startling in its significance. Torturing a suspected man with fire to compel him to confess is worse, if possible, than burning one known to be guilty. A confession extorted by torture could be of no possible value. It could not even ease in the slightest degree the consciences of those participating in securing it. Such lapses into savagery are startling because they show by how slight a tenure we hold our most sacred rights.

Sunday Desecration and Biblical Conviction

A writer for the Sabbath Recorder says in a recent number of that paper: “I think that it is quite generally conceded that the Sunday desecration so much talked about and so much lamented, is due very largely to a loss of conviction in regard to the sacredness of the Sunday. I lament very much this spirit, not because thereby the Sunday is desecrated, but because it indicates, as I fear, a general tendency to hold the Bible and religious beliefs lightly; it indicates, as I have said, the want of a deep, strong conviction in reference to the religious life.”
It is certainly true in large measure that Sunday desecration is due “to loss of conviction in regard to Sunday sacredness.” But this would not result in “a general tendency to hold the Bible and religious beliefs lightly” were it not for the fact that in attempting to foist upon the world a false Sabbath, religious teachers have been compelled to discredit in a measure the Bible, which teaches something quite different. It is little wonder that when the ministers themselves trample upon the Bible Sabbath, the people generally pay but little regard to the substitute.

Law Against Sectarian Appropriations

March 3, 1897, Congress enacted the following general law touching sectarian appropriations:
“It is hereby declared to be the policy of the Government of the United States to make no appropriation of money or property for the purpose of founding, maintaining, or aiding by payment for services, expenses, or otherwise, any church or religious denomination, or any institution or society which is under sectarian or ecclesiastical control; and it is hereby enacted that, from and after the 30th day of June, 1898, no money appropriated for charitable purposes in the District of Columbia shall be paid to any church or religious denomination, or to any institution or society which is under sectarian or ecclesiastical control.”

Churches Demand Sunday Law Enforcement

Clergymen of the Methodist, Baptist, Presbyterian, and Disciple churches at Piqua, Ohio, have united in a demand upon the city officials of that place for an enforcement of the Sunday law, which prohibits all Sunday work and recreation.

The Army Canteen

The “army canteen” institution is justified by its supporters upon the plea that it is the lesser of two necessary evils. The men will drink anyway, it is affirmed, and it is better to supply drink to the men in the camps than to have them get it in the towns. A physician who is familiar with the conditions of army life in the camps punctures this idea as follows:
“The regimental canteen is worse than the grog-shop. The temptation is ever present, and any good resolutions or feelings of disgust after a spree are quickly dispelled by another drink. On the financial side, a soldier’s credit is limited at the saloon. Not so at the canteen, where his pay is held as security for his drink, and often entirely absorbed. A soldier is obliged to seek a grog-shop, but the canteen seeks him.”
These are self-evident truths, and in the light of them no reason for the maintenance of the army canteen appears save the unworthy one that the institution is financially profitable to the parties behind it.

The Sabbath in Deadly Peril

The Christian Intelligencer calls attention in a recent issue to the increasing desecration of Sunday in this country, and affirms that the Sabbath is thereby placed in deadly peril. Its utterance is typical of many that are being made by the religious press touching this point. It says:—
“He must be blind who does not perceive that now the Sabbath is undergoing a serious assault; that troops of influences destructive of its sanctity and prejudicial to its integrity are widespread, swift and defiant. The deadly peril with which the Sabbath is threatened is being recognized with deep concern by all lovers of God and righteousness. The present aspect of affairs is appalling. The Lord’s-day prostituted to bacchanalian revelry; Sunday papers hawked about everywhere, even at the doors of Christian churches; games of ball and golf more numerous on Sunday than on week days; excursions and amusements of every kind; all show what this nation is coming to, except the people of God rise up in their might and come to the rescue. Christianity must be recognized as our governing principle; the Sabbath and our Christian institutions must be maintained in their integrity and sanctity; the people must do with the seventh day what the Commandment requires— Remember it, sanctify it, keep it holy—or, as sure as God is the God of truth and righteousness, this nation is doomed.”
That Sunday desecration is on the increase, is plainly true; but what is the cause of this increase, and of the general alarming state of affairs touching religion which is so evident at this time? Is it not largely due to the fact that the people have ceased to look to the Bible as the infallible word of God—as the guide of moral conduct and a standard of righteousness by which they will be judged at the last day? And must not this result naturally follow from the course taken by the clergy themselves when they interpret the Bible contrary to its plain meaning, as for example in saying that the command to sanctify the seventh day means that the first day is the Christian Sabbath? There is abundant food for reflection in this thought. The people are not fools, or blind; and there is every reason to conclude that Christian clergymen themselves, by teaching and practicing contrary to the plain word of God on this very point of Sabbath observance, have done much to lower that word in the view of the people, and thus to bring about those very conditions which they now note with sorrow and alarm.

Public Funds for Sectarian Charities

June 4, 1900, the House of Representatives had under consideration an appropriation for the support of St. Joseph’s Asylum, a Roman Catholic institution in the District of Columbia. On the strength of the action taken in 1897, Representative Bingham of Pennsylvania opposed the proposed appropriation. Mr. Fitzgerald of Massachusetts spoke in favor of making the appropriation notwithstanding the general law, and “predicted the rise of a Catholic party if the persecution of the Catholic sectarian institutions continued.”
It seems rather strange that any one should term an effort to make a church support its own charities “persecution.” The prediction of a “Catholic party” may be realized, but it would seem that in order to hope for any success it would need something more substantial and more just in the way of an issue than the fact of opposition to the support of church institutions out of the public treasury.

Hypnotic Evidence in Criminal Courts

Only a short time since a man and a woman were convicted in Nashville, Tenn., of arson upon the evidence of a boy who under hypnotic influence related very circumspectly just how the crime was committed, and by whom the deed was done. The judge in setting aside the verdict said: “To my mind the witness is nothing more than the wall from which the echo of the clairvoyant is thrown into the case. If such doctrines as these were once recognized by the courts of the country in their dealings with life and liberty, it would be alarming to contemplate the injustice and oppression possible and probable to result in the very name of justice itself, against which human reason and knowledge would be utterly powerless to defend itself.”
Of course the accused persons may have been guilty, but better a thousand times that the crime go unpunished than that our courts adopt the policy of admitting such evidence. The Tennessee judge did right in setting aside a verdict secured on such evidence.

Religious Intolerance and Equal Rights

In an address to the Knights Templars of the District of Columbia, May 27, Rev. Dr. Williams of Washington is reported to have said:
“I look forward to the time when we shall have to draw swords against religious intolerance and oppression, just as our ancestors enlisted under the banner of the cross for the relief of their suffering fellow Christians in the far East. The conditions which aroused their enthusiasm and added fuel to the flames of their ardor even now exist in the East, where profession of Christianity is attended with great dangers and the holy places of our faith are in the possession of the unspeakable Turk, the arch-conspirator, whom, for motives of policy, Christian Europe dare not expel to the wastes of Asia, whence he came.”
Upon which an editor, not having the fear of National Reform and “righteousness” by act of state and national legislatures before his eyes, remarks that “it would be more consistent for Christians to defer the assault on Islam until equal rights are made secure in all Christian countries.”

War’s Mortgage on Civilization.

[New York World.]
The debts of the civilized nations now add up a total of over $32,000,000,000—most of it incurred in wars. To realize what 32 billions means a few comparative statements are necessary.
The highest total value of the entire cotton crop of the United States in any recent year was less than $300,000,000. If, therefore, the whole American cotton crop were sold for 100 years in succession, and the proceeds applied to the payment of the world’s indebtedness—mainly incurred for wars and war preparations—there would still remain an unpaid balance of nearly two billions.
Prof. H. C. Adams of Cornell, some time since calculated that the interest payments alone on these aggregated debts of the nations equal the value of the labor of 3,000,000 men working constantly at $1.50 per day per man.
Civilization is under a blanket mortgage to war.

“Danger Signs in the Old World.”

Under the above heading the Tribune of this city recently published the following summary of warlike symptoms in the Old World. The situation has not improved since this was printed:
“Danger signals seem to be flying over almost every quarter of Europe, Asia and Africa, and the diplomats of the old world never were so busy as they are just now. If you have read the foreign dispatches for the last ten days—and it’s worth while, for Europe is making history these days—you will have discovered the following facts:
“Russia has broken a treaty with Japan in order to secure a naval base on the Corean coast.
“Japan has dispatched a powerful fleet to seize and fortify a position opposite the one leased by Russia.
“Russia is shipping transport after transport, loaded with soldiers and guns, to Port Arthur, while Japan is mobilizing a great army.
“Russia has moved 75,000 soldiers to the frontier of Afghanistan, and Great Britain has quietly shifted regiments in India until every pass on the frontier is heavily guarded.
“France is actively engaged in war in the Algerian hinterland, fighting daily battles with the Arabs, and capturing towns and provinces long claimed by Morocco under treaties with Europe.
“The Sultan of Morocco has mobilized his Arab forces and started them to the frontier, where a clash with the French army is imminent.
“Emperor Menelek has set up a claim for all the territory lying between the present frontier of Abyssinia and the Nile, and has sent an army of 40,000 men into the disputed region on the pretense of putting down the rebellious natives.
“Germany has seized hundreds of square miles of territory which up to the present time has always been included as a part of the Congo Free State.
“Prince Ferdinand of Bulgaria has for months been planning a declaration of independence from Turkey, thus endangering the peace of the Balkans.
“Russia has sent a peremptory note to Turkey, declaring that the Porte’s attitude toward the Armenians will no longer be tolerated.
“In France the only political party that clamors for war with England, carried the last election by an overwhelming majority, and the same party is breaking up the ministry that stands firmly for peace.
“In Italy revolution against the present form of government is in the air. The Radicals and Socialists three weeks ago forced the dissolution of Parliament by their demands for a revision of the constitution.
“Sweden and Norway are arming with feverish haste, both fearing a crisis in the quarrel that has kept the flame of national jealousy alive for a century.
“And last—and least, too, it may be granted—here is the United States threatening a resort to extreme measures to collect a long standing claim for indemnity from Turkey.”
Soldiers and statesmen have long been expecting a war that would involve practically all of Europe, and that would be more terribly destructive than any war the world has yet seen. It would seem impossible that this long anticipated war can be averted many years longer. As pointed out by the Czar when he invited the several governments to participate in the Hague Peace Congress, the nations are now burdened beyond endurance by war revenues in time of peace. Sooner or later some nation, or combination of nations, will precipitate a conflict in the hope of a readjustment that will give relief from the present expensive peace, maintained as it is by immense standing armies and by proportionally large and not less costly navies.
Nor can this conflict, when it comes, be confined to Europe. The world is not so large as it used to be. Steam and electricity have brought once widely separated nations into close proximity. Even the United States is likely to be involved in the impending conflict. As a nation we have departed in a measure from the time-honored tradition of the fathers that forbade any entangling alliance; besides the government now has interests in the far East that must be protected. The “danger signs” are to be seen everywhere.
B.

Curfew Ordinance Fails in Maine

The curfew ordinance for lessening crime in the cities has not proved a success in the State of Maine. So we are informed by the Springfield Republican (Mass.), which says that in Maine cities which adopted the ordinance it was found that “an increased police force was needed to enforce it, and rather than pay the cost of a larger force, the law has become more or less of a dead letter.” The Republican adds that “the popular attitude toward the prohibition law in that State appears to be much the same.”

Can China be Dismembered?

“It has apparently been taken for granted since the Japanese-Chinese war that China is to be partitioned among the European powers”, says the Evening News of the 14th inst. “Every step since taken, every aggression or concession, has pointed to this ultimate solution of the Chinese question. Scarcely has any one questioned whether this is possible. The only problem seemed to be as to how this partition of the most populous empire of the world could be satisfactorily accomplished.
“But events in China the last few weeks have already suggested to more than one thoughtful European observer the difficulties that lie in the way of the execution of this scheme. The Paris Soleil, for instance, as quoted in the special cable to The Daily News yesterday says: ‘France has every reason to defend China’s integrity. The idea of the dismemberment of China is one of the most extravagant notions that ever entered the human brain.’
“Is the notion extravagant? Think it over a few minutes and reflect what Japan, a pygmy nation compared with China, has been able to do within the past quarter of a century, and then think of what China might do, once it, like Japan, should be thoroughly wakened up. Its swarming millions could overrun the world once they were imbued with modern progress and the desire of conquest. Those who assume that China will submit like another India may be basing their conclusions upon false premises. The question as to what China may do if it awakes is a legitimate one and may soon disturb diplomats now dreaming of its dismemberment.”
It seems to be improbable that the Chinese themselves will be able to offer any very serious resistance to the partition of the empire; but it is doubtful if the Powers can agree among themselves as to just how it shall be divided.

Sunday Laws and the Aristocracy.

The following from the Haverhill (Mass.) Gazette illustrates how Sunday laws, as enforced in most places, discriminate between the rich people and those upon whom fortune has not conferred the privileges of the aristocracy. A reader of the Gazette sends to it this communication touching Sunday law enforcement in the neighboring town of Riverside:
“I noticed in your issue of Tuesday evening that the city marshal, accompanied by one of our aldermen, went on the warpath last Sunday and almost scared the life out of a crowd of boys who were playing ball in the pasture over on Silver hill.
“Of course these ungodly boys ought by rights to go to church or Sunday school Sundays, but if they won’t do that and must have some amusement Sundays, they might come down here to Riverside and enjoy with us the play of our local golf club. I say ‘our club,’ but, bless you, we don’t any of us belong to it. We could not get in. It is made up of the real ‘toney,’ blue stocking, highest ‘sassiety’ of the town. About every fair Sunday for the past two years they have favored us with exhibitions of their skill as players, their good clothes and their fine turnouts, and I tell you we appreciate it highly.
“Regard for the Sabbath law, did I hear you say? Perish the thought! Such things are all right for wicked, ungodly boys, playing common base ball, but our golf club, selected from Haverhill’s 400! The idea! Let the city fathers build some seats along the banks of the river where they can see the game, and send the boys down and let Marshal McLaughlin and Officer Bullock come with them. The club won’t object to their looking on if they don’t come too near.”
Christianity makes no discrimination between rich and poor, but respects every right of the poor man equally with that of his wealthy neighbor. The “four hundred” have a right to play golf on Sunday or any day of the week, and the lovers of baseball have an equal right to indulge in that diversion, limited therein only by the obligations which lawfully restrict conduct on any day of the week. Sunday observing people have a right to their religious opinions, and should be respected in their practice of the same; but opinions do not outweigh rights. Labor or recreation is a right on any day of the week, and any person’s opinion or the opinion of any number of persons, that Sunday labor or recreation ought not to be, counts for nothing in the scale of justice. No person has a right to have his opinion of right made a compulsory regulator of other people’s conduct.
S.

Sunday Services for Fast Trains.

According to the Times-Herald of this city the passenger officials of trunk lines running out of Chicago are considering the advisability of establishing divine service Sundays on their through trains. The matter received considerable attention two years ago by the Erie officials, who finally discarded an elaborate plan made by one of the road’s assistant general passenger agents. There is a feeling, however, on the part of some officials that it would be a good thing to devise some plan which would in a measure do away with the prejudice on the part of church people against Sunday travel.
Several plans have been talked over, and it is thought to be almost certain that one of the trunk lines will try the influence of religious services on a sixty-mile-an-hour flyer. The plan which seems to find most favor is that of converting the dining cars into chapels, where services could be held soon after the morning meal. This would require little work on the part of the employees, and one diner would accommodate all the passengers on one train who would care to join in the services. In the card racks could be placed hymn books and small Bibles, and the singing part of the service could be done by the “congregation.” One minister could be engaged to deliver a sermon on each eastbound vestibule train, and the ministers could finish the services going east in time to catch the flyers going west and repeat the program. If the dining car was found inadequate to accommodate the worshipers ministers might be engaged to give short gospel talks and deliver morning prayers in each of the coaches.
The preaching of the gospel is about the only thing which is not now enjoyed by passengers on the fast through trains east and west. Every flyer now has its library car, in which are furnished grain market reports and stock reports, daily papers and periodicals, and nearly everything else a busy man can get in his own office. The cry against Sunday travel by a portion of the public has been heard for years, and not a few officials believe that if regular religious service was established on through trains better Sunday patronage would result.
The proposed innovation might prove popular with the traveling public, but it is more than doubtful if it would commend itself to the ministers. Indeed, so far as they are concerned, it would only make a bad matter worse, as it would make the Sunday railway the rival of the church.
B.

Sunday Laws and Anarchy.

The advocates of compulsory Sunday observance endeavor to foster the idea that opposition to Sunday laws or disregard of the same is anarchy. Thus one of them, writing in “Lord’s Day Papers,” a Milwaukee publication, says:
“If one takes a Sunday paper, the newsboy who brings it is his servant, paid by him for breaking the Sabbath, and being an embryo anarchist.”
The individual who hired the newsboy to be an “embryo anarchist” would be, of course, from this standpoint, an anarchist full fledged.
Anarchy, however, is something quite different from mere opposition to a certain law. Anarchy is opposition to civil authority—to government—and hence opposition to that which civil government is instituted to preserve. Civil government is instituted to preserve human rights, hence anarchy is against such rights, and the true anarchist will both theoretically and in practice, always disregard them. Whatever, therefore, works against the preservation of rights is contrary to civil government and may be properly considered anarchical in its nature.
This being so, it follows that Sunday laws and all religious legislation are really manifestations of the spirit of anarchy, for all compulsion in religion is against the sacred right of freedom of conscience. The real anarchy as regards Sunday laws consists not in opposing or disregarding them, but in advocating and enforcing them.
Wrong is often embodied in civil statute, but is never transformed into right by the process. It is injustice still, and as such is entitled only to the unceasing opposition of every lover of right.
Opposition to a law is not always opposition to good government. It is more essential to consider the object of government than the means by which the civil power seeks to enforce its will. The question, What is justice? is a more important one than What is the law? The advocates of Sunday statutes appeal to “the law,” but they do not go back of the law to that purpose of government which is the only justification for civil legislation. They want Sunday laws not to preserve the rights of the people, but to preserve a religious institution, which they think must be maintained by law, if maintained at all. But a religious institution which cannot be maintained without human law, is a religious counterfeit, and only deserves to disappear into eternal oblivion.
S.

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