p. 14 | Signs of the Times, Vol. 16, No. 7. (2/17/1890)

Health and Temperance.

By Mary Clement Leavitt

A LETTER ON TOBACCO.

THE old school-teachers in Boston began to notice some years ago that there were more pupils with imperfect sight than formerly. After a most searching examination into the facts of the case, reaching ten thousand pupils of these schools, it was shown that boys who used tobacco had poorer sight than others; that those who used it, and whose fathers used it, had the poorest sight of all, and that even girls whose fathers were smokers had not as good sight as those who were entirely separated from it.

Injury to the sight goes so far that many persons have become blind in middle life, their physicians declaring that the blindness is caused by the smoking of tobacco.

Very recently I met with the declaration in an English paper that a constantly-increasing number of cases of blindness and oncoming blindness were being received into the hospitals in London, which the physicians declare are caused by tobacco. This injury to the sight is of the utmost importance to young people.

Of scarcely less importance is another evil effect, namely, a dulling influence on the mental faculties. This is so well established that the French Government has forbidden all pupils in its schools to use tobacco in any form.

No user of tobacco has ever taken the first rank and highest honors at Harvard, the oldest and largest university in America. It has been observed in the Boston schools that scholarship declines when boys begin to use tobacco.

A fact pointing in the same direction was mentioned to me last June in Burmah, by the master of a large boys' school there. The master had tried to induce the pupils to give up tobacco, with considerable success, but his efforts had been hindered by the best scholar in the school.

This lad was an inveterate smoker, and declared that in himself was a proof that tobacco did not hurt the mind. Presently, however, in order to please his teacher, he stopped smoking, with the result that he got on so much better in all his studies that he and all who observed the case were convinced that tobacco had hindered even this brilliant boy.

Because of the facts stated above, the Russian Government imprisons any boy under sixteen found using tobacco in any form.

Four of the United States have forbidden anybody to sell tobacco to children under sixteen, or anyone but the parent or guardian to give it to them.

India's young people have, of course, learned that all the processes of life go on through the action of the brain and other parts of the nervous system. We cannot speak, or walk, or digest our food, or breathe except through the agency of the nervous system.

It is apparent, then, that if this system is impaired something of a lasting nature will go wrong. Now tobacco has a deleterious effect upon the nerves, and it is, accompanied at the Naval School at Annapolis, United States, and one-fifth of all are rejected on account of heart disease, which the physicians say is caused by the use of tobacco.

Cancer of the mouth and throat is often caused by tobacco. General Grant, of America, died in this way. The latest advices from Germany state that the crown prince is suffering in the same way, from the same cause, and that the same result is feared. (The crown prince became the Emperor Frederic and died of tobacco cancer after this was written.)

The following evils are now known to result from the use of tobacco:—

Growth is hindered.
Sight is injured and often destroyed.
Neuralgia, dizziness, and indigestion are caused.
The action of the heart is disturbed, causing irritability of that organ, and consequently a tremulous hand and unsteady pulse.
The mental faculties are dulled and thus intellectual work is hindered.
Irritation of the mouth and throat is produced, and thus the purity of the voice is destroyed, and also cancer in the throat and mouth is caused.

It is well for India's young people to consider whether money paid for cigars could not be better spent in some other way. The cost of a cigar is not much, but when several in a day are used for each of the three hundred and sixty-five days in the year, and for fifteen, twenty, thirty, or forty years, it becomes a very considerable sum.

A man whom I know, living within ten miles of my own home, left off smoking about twenty years ago, when about twenty years old, from purely economical reasons. He had a curiosity to know how much the cigar money would amount to, and made the calculation to cover a period of twenty years.

To his surprise it was sufficient to build a comfortable house. He therefore determined to put a sum equal to that he had been in the habit of spending weekly for cigars into the savings bank every Saturday.

A few years passed, and the money, with accumulations of interest, was sufficient to build a small house. This he planned as a wing of a large structure. He married and lived in the "tobacco house," as he often laughingly called it. Again the years rolled by, the small sum going into the savings bank every Saturday night, until not many years back he completed the original plan by building the main part of the house.

It now contains nine good rooms, and all the furniture of the new portion, as well as the entire house, has been paid for with money that would have gone off in tobacco smoke had he not taken that good resolution. This man is a clerk in a mercantile house. If he had not saved his money he would have been obliged to pay rent.

The rent money has been saved and invested, and now, as a large family are needing education, and fitting for some years hence, were he to renounce tobacco, and conscientiously put aside the money saved.

When I was a young girl at school we used to sustain a fortnightly paper, one column of which was headed "Definitions." In this column appeared many apt and funny things. One item ran as follows,—"Cigar: A roll of tobacco with fire at one end and a fool at the other."

But I have left the highest motive I can urge against tobacco to the last, and this is responsibility to God.

God has given us these wonderful bodies, these wonderful faculties, all capable of high and noble uses. Is it right to take the money God gives us, and which he declares belongs to himself, and use it for such ignoble purposes?—Mary Clement Leavitt, in India's Young Folks.

SCIENTIFIC OPINIONS.

The Scientific American gives many a good stroke for temperance from a scientific standpoint. In its last issue is a valuable article from the Medical Record on "The Influence of Moderate Drinking on Health," most of it quoted from Dr. Harley, the eminent English hepatologist. Comparing the mortality statistics, he shows that with men exposed to the temptation of frequent "nipping," the mortality is six times greater than among those representing all other industries combined. The liver, the kidneys, the heart, and the nervous system, become most frequently affected in moderate imbibers. Almost every drop of alcohol taken into the stomach is absorbed by the branches of the portal veins, and carried to the liver. By experiments with dogs he proved, as long ago as 1853, that the mere injection of alcohol into the portal vein disorders the hepatic function to such an extent that the animal becomes diabetic in a few hours. The kidneys suffer only less than the liver, being one degree further removed from the stomach. Dr. Harley claims to have obtained pure alcohol from the kidneys of persons who died intoxicated, by the simple process of distillation.

The bad effect upon the heart consists in inviting disease in the predisposed, as well as in augmenting disease which already exists. Alcohol taken in small quantities, frequently repeated, acts deleteriously upon the nervous system, by keeping the blood-vessels engorged, and causing them to press upon the nerve-cells and fibers. This interferes both with the proper performance of their functions and with their nutrition. The nerves also suffer indirectly through the action of alcohol on the blood. Dr. Harley found that five per cent of alcohol exerts so powerful a chemical effect on the blood as to entirely derange one of its most important functions—that of respiration. Alcohol seems to act like an asphyxiant; it diminishes the power of the red corpuscles to absorb oxygen and to exhale carbonic acid, in the same manner, though to a less extent, than morphia. This peculiar chemical action of alcohol on the blood nerve pabulum may give a reasonable explanation of the paralyzing action of alcohol upon the nervous system, since oxidation is the motor power of all vital action, and, in direct pro-

SECULAR.

—Nine men were killed by a trestle falling at Cascade, Or., on the 2d inst.

—The town of Calistoga, Cal., has raised saloon licenses from $20 to $100 per quarter.

—A young express clerk at Dallas, Texas, recently disappeared, carrying with him $35,000 in greenbacks.

—Recent warm rains in Northern California and Southern Oregon threaten an increase of disastrous floods.

—The Humanitarian Soup House, in Oakland, Cal., has about one hundred and fifty applicants for lunch every day.

—An English firm has contracted for a lot of Egyptian mummies to be ground up and used for fertilizing purposes.

—A dispatch from Oakley, Kan., of the 6th inst., reported heavy snow-storms throughout the western part of the State.

—A convention is in session in Melbourne, called for the purpose of forming a federation of all the colonies of Australia.

—In Lake County, Cal., between Lakeport and Bartlett Springs, snow on the mountains is said to be fourteen feet deep.

—The contested election for the governorship of West Virginia has been decided in favor of Fleming, the Democratic candidate.

—So far 150 car loads of Southern California oranges have been shipped this season over the Santa Fe road, for Eastern markets.

—The centennial celebration of the inauguration of the Federal Judiciary was held in New York on the 4th inst. Ex-President Cleveland presided.

—Influenza is rampant in the City of Mexico, causing so many deaths that a sufficient number of hearses cannot be obtained to attend the funerals.

—An explosion in a colliery at Abersychan, England, on the 7th inst., caused a dreadful loss of life. At last accounts, 175 dead bodies had been taken out.

—The U. S. Supreme Court has affirmed the constitutionality of the Edmunds-Tucker test oath for Idaho, which is intended to prevent Mormons from voting.

—The flood at Portland, Or., generally demoralized the railroad traffic for a few days. There was also great loss of goods in stores in the lower portions of the city.

—The petroleum supply of Pennsylvania is on the decline, while the demand is ever on the increase. In a year or two, at most, prices will hang upon new discoveries.

—The great libel suit of Parnell against the London Times, which has excited English politics for a long time, has been compromised, the Times paying Mr. Parnell $25,000.

—A Vienna dispatch reports the arrest of one Panitza, said to be connected with a plot to assassinate Archduke Ferdinand and the leading Ministers, and proclaim a regency.

—A recent Antwerp dispatch says: "There was a great robbery on the steamer La Plata on her voyage from Buenos Ayres to this port, $170,000 in specie and bonds being stolen."

—At last reports there seemed to be no prospect that the Oregon division of the Southern Pacific Railroad will soon be opened, owing to a continuation of snow and land-slides.

—At Ashland, Or., the Central Hotel, which for several days had been seriously threatened with the flood, was, on the 4th inst., destroyed by fire. A lamp explosion was the cause.

—The Kentucky University, at Lexington, has just opened its doors to women, owing to the efforts of the Kentucky Equal Rights Association. It has now twenty young women enrolled.

—Pittsburg, Pa., records another natural-gas explosion, February 4. This time it was in the Duquesne Steel Works, and caused the death of two persons, and injury of several others.

—The Samoan treaty, negotiated last summer by representatives of the United States, England, and Germany, was ratified by the U. S. Senate on the 4th inst. There were but twelve dissenting voices.

—Notwithstanding the constantly-accumulating evidence that pork is unfit for food, there is an ever-increasing demand for it. The pack of the present season is estimated at a million hogs more than last season.

—A recent earthquake shock has caused quite a change in the flow of several artesian wells in Orange County, Cal.; some that were almost dry began to flow freely, while some heavy flowing wells are almost dry.

—The German emperor is apparently trying to kill the Socialists with kindness, and is getting applause from all quarters. Some critics, however, intimate that his good decrees are only on account of the coming elections.

—Two snow-slides occurred on Lion Mountain, Mont., which caused the destruction of valuable mining property belonging to the Hecla Consolidated Company, and fairly burying the whole mining town of Hecla in snow.

—Secretary Blaine's family has just suffered its fourth bereavement in two months. First, Mr. Blaine's brother died; then Mrs. Blaine's sister; after her the son, Walter, and last, on the 2d inst., a daughter, named Mrs. Coppinger.

—Russia has ordered two large iron-clad frigates to be built in England, to be provided with the biggest engines and the heaviest Krupp guns. Four of the greatest firms in Europe estimated for the contract, but the czar insisted that the ships should be built in England.

—Henry George, the noted advocate of a single tax (and that a tax on the value of land), has returned to San Francisco, after an absence of several years in the East and in Europe. His theory commands a very large and respectful attention, both at home and abroad.

—The Willamette Valley, Oregon, has been subjected to disastrous floods. The bridge, which cost $50,000, fell on the 6th inst. The schools were closed on account of the storm, and railroad docks were washed away.

—On the 3d inst., the Secretary of the Navy appointed a commission to investigate the needs of the navy, and to suggest improvements.

—Dispatches of the 7th inst. report severe snow-storms and gales in Western Pennsylvania, Minnesota, and Manitoba. At Connelsville, Pa., the National Locomotive Works were destroyed; and at Blairsville a large glass factory was demolished by the gale, and two members of the firm were killed.

—Sir E. J. Monson, the British Minister to Greece, to whom, as arbitrator, was referred the dispute between the United States and Denmark, arising from the Butterfield's claim for damages for vessels lost near St. Thomas, West Indies, many years ago, has decided in favor of Denmark on all the points involved.

—Lucia Zarate, the little Mexican "midget" who has been on exhibition in all parts of the world, died at Truckee, January 21, and was taken to San Francisco for interment. The little lady was twenty-seven years old, twenty-six inches high, and it is said never weighed over five pounds. She spoke four languages.

—Near Malta Bend, Mo., a whole family, consisting of father, mother, two daughters, and three sons, have been attacked with something like hydrophobia. No reason for this conclusion can be given except that they drank milk from a cow which had been bitten by a rabid dog; the cow had afterward shown signs of being affected, and was killed.

—Twelve to eighteen inches of snow is reported in the western end of Wyoming Territory. The snow has crusted, and with the freezing of the water holes, cattle, sheep, and horses are perishing all over the range. Horses have worn their hoofs to the quick trying to beat through the crusted snow. Cattle and sheep are helpless; game has been driven from the mountains, and antelope have been killed within the city limits of Evanstown.

—Marquis de Mores is the leader of the anti-Jew party in France. In a recent review he claims that a few thousand Jews, who control the finances of the country, actually control the government. They bribe the clerks and secretaries of the public bureaus, who are poorly paid otherwise, and even bribe members of the Chamber of Deputies. The marquis claims that it was this influence that defeated the Boulanger party last fall in the general election.

—To add to the troubles of the Oregon and California railroad, on account of snow-storms, there comes a report of an immense land-slide in what is called Cow Creek Canyon, in Oregon. The report says that the trees are standing on the slide the same as they were when it started from the mountain summit. The water is backed up in the canyon for a distance of three miles, and is from fifty to seventy-five feet deep. Tunnel No. 3 is completely buried in the water.

—A remarkable phenomenon occurred in the vicinity of Nanking, China, January 7, 10 A. M. When the weather was bright, there was suddenly heard a rushing noise, as of the water, when two large, black clouds appeared, and they soon enveloped everything like a thick fog. The two black clouds appeared to be fighting, at the sight of which the waters were much disturbed, and the river was full of large waves. The two huge clouds eventually reached a place called Tsit Li-chow, when they burst asunder, making a very loud report. During the disturbance many boats were destroyed, and over one hundred people were drowned, and more than fifty were picked up in an exhausted condition by the Chinese Life-preserving Association. Those who lost their lives were buried by the authorities. A long strip of the river-bank has also caved in.

News and Notes.

RELIGIOUS.

—Hon. Samuel J. Randall, now recognized as the "Father of the House," by virtue of his long-continuous service in Congress, has recently united with the Metropolitan Presbyterian Church in Washington.

—The question as to whether one who uses tobacco should be admitted to the ministry or eldership is agitating the United Presbyterian Church, and it is expected that it will be an issue in the next General Assembly.

—The Episcopalians of Southern California, comprising about one-third of the communicants of the State, refuse to acquiesce in the election of Rev. Dr. Nichols, of Philadelphia, as assistant bishop of the diocese. They were not present at the convention held in San Francisco for the purpose of the election, having protested against holding it at such an inconvenient season. It is claimed that the protest was harshly disregarded.

—A religious row occurred in Buffalo, N. Y., on the second inst. An objectionable priest had been appointed over one of the parish churches by the bishop. The parishioners declared that he should not preach. He, however, went to the church in a carriage, escorted by the police, and two thousand women opposed his entrance. A fight ensued, and the priest was glad to get away, even with his surplice badly damaged.

—On the 2d inst., Bishop Vladimir, of the Greco-Russian Church, San Francisco, went through the ceremony of excommunicating a member named Nicholas Russell. The offense was disobedience for three years of the church law requiring each member to receive the holy sacrament at least once a year. Like the Roman Church, the excommunication curse extends to the next world. The bishop has since been suspended, by orders from St. Petersburg, on charges of immoral conduct.

—The Toledo Blade, one of the papers which publishes Dr. Talmage's sermons, explains that none of them have been cabled. They were all prepared by him before he left home, and left to be distributed weekly to the papers. The heading, "specially cabled," and the introductory statement before each one, which have appeared in some of the papers, were probably supplied in the various offices. Some of them, as the one credited to Mars' Hill, were never delivered at all.—Congregationalist.

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"The Converted Catholic," for 1889, is a bound volume of the monthly magazine of that title, issued by Father O'Connor, Bible House, New York. The title indicates its object, and the publishers' work of reform has the indorsement of many leading Protestant ministers in that city. The book contains 380 pp., and the price, post-paid, is $1.50. The magazine, monthly, is $1.00 a year.

"Catholicism the Greatest Danger Impending America," by Prof. J. M. Clerc, ex-Catholic pastor of Montague, New York, etc. A pamphlet of 96 pages, an exposition of papal methods and good government. It deals

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WE are glad to learn of the prosperity of the American Sentinel since its removal to New York City. Subscriptions are coming in so rapidly that one compositor cannot set up the names.

WE call the attention of our readers to our "New York Letter," printed elsewhere. It pricks some of the Sunday-law temperance and benevolence bubbles. We hope soon to be able to present before our readers regular correspondence upon important current events from other parts of the world besides our own country.

WE learn by the Workers' Bulletin that the Union College of Seventh-day Adventists for the Central States is to be located at Lincoln, Nebraska. There has been quite a struggle between a number of cities in the various States as to which should obtain the institution; but, all things considered, the committee thought it best to decide as above.

THE article entitled, "It Is a Poor Rule, etc.," in another column, is from the pen of a Baptist minister who recently embraced the truth of the Sabbath. Baptists, as well as other Bible Christians, would do well to read it. Is it popularity, fashion, the world? or is it Christ and his truth? He who does God's will can afford to leave the consequences with God.

WE have received a copy of No. 4 of volume 1 of the Kansas Worker. This is a monthly journal published in the interests of the Kansas Tract Society and canvassing work, at Topeka, Kansas, and will doubtless prove a means of good in unifying the work, and creating an interest in its various phases if used legitimately. The number before us is very creditable both in matter and make-up. Price, 25 cents a year.

WE have received the first two numbers of the Sabbath-School Worker for 1890. We suppose that our Sabbath-school officers and teachers remember that the Worker is now published monthly instead of quarterly. It is published for the especial purpose of helping our Sabbath-schools, and giving aid and information to those who conduct our schools and classes. How many times in the course of the year or quarter does the earnest superintendent ask himself, "How can I help my school?" "How can I create a greater interest in my class?" asks the faithful teacher. The Worker is designed to help in these and other respects. For instance, we have discussed in the February number the important subject of "Teachers' Meetings." We know that it might prove of help to many schools, if read by the officers of these schools. All manner of questions pertaining to Sabbath-school work are answered. Reports of all our Sabbath-schools throughout the world are given each quarter in the Worker, as well as reports of our various Sabbath-school associations, with the question should not be, "Is our school doing well?" but, "Cannot it be made better?" The Worker is a necessity to success in the Sabbath-school work. It ought to have a large subscription list. Price, fifty cents a year. Address, Sabbath-School Worker, Oakland, Cal.

THE manager of the Pacific Press Publishing Co., Mr. C. H. Jones, returned from a trip to the East, Tuesday, February 4, after an absence of four months. After attending our late General Conference, Brother Jones visited the branch office in New York, and assisted in the purchase of type and material preparatory to the publication of the American Sentinel. From there he proceeded to London and Paris, in the interests of the publishing work. He reports an interesting and profitable visit to the Old World (barring seasickness, which may have good results), and growing interest and prosperity in the publishing work in London. This young branch soon bids fair to be the greatest publishing house among us.

NUMBER 1, volume 6, of our sister journal, the Present Truth, contains the following note: "Beginning with this number, the entire business management of the paper will be conducted by the Pacific Press Publishing Co. All subscriptions, remittances for publications, and all business correspondence, should be sent to the Pacific Press Publishing Co., 48 Paternoster Row, London, E. C. All other correspondence should be addressed to Editor the Present Truth, 451 Holloway Road, London, N." This brings added responsibilities and burdens on this young but enterprising company. But we believe that the same God who has helped them will help, and will open the hearts of those who long to see the truth of God given to earth's millions. The Present Truth is filled full of good things. It is published fortnightly at 3s. (75 cents) a year.

WE have received many communications from our subscribers in the East, stating that they have not received several numbers of their papers. We are glad to get these communications, for (1) it shows us that the SIGNS is appreciated, and (2) it helps us to explain the difficulty. The SIGNS OF THE TIMES publishes fifty numbers every year, omitting two on account of general and annual meetings, so as to give the employees opportunity to attend these gatherings. It aims to get out each issue on time, and this has been the case with the numbers which our subscribers have not received. The difficulty was a seventeen days' blockade of snow on the Sierra Nevada Mountains, in which the mail each way was held. We grew as anxious over Eastern mail as did our friends over Western. But the blockade is over, and another one like it may not occur for years. Our subscribers may expect the SIGNS on time so far as the office of publication is concerned.

WE have received a variety of leaflets, prominent on several of which is the figure of a female holding the stars and stripes. Underneath are the letters, "W. C. T. U." On the one side is, "God, Home, and Native Land," and on the other, "No Sabbath Desecration." Now whether it is W. C. T. U. authority or not we do not know, but it is in harmony with many of the principles of that organization. They have a right to have a college, as it is also a right for a woman, to work for any day she chooses; but to say that the desecration of a day is another thing; if a man should outwardly rest on the Sabbath, but if he did it from selfish motives, he as surely desecrates the day as does the man who works at honest labor upon the day. Christ says that he who looks upon a woman to lust after her is guilty of adultery. If any day is holy, it gets that holiness from God. If it is desecrated, the desecration is a sin against God. If the W. C. T. U. can teach and persuade people not to desecrate a day, well; that is a legitimate business; but if they attempt to make or enforce laws in the matter, let them know that in thus doing they are usurping the place of God, and trying to control conscience—an effort never crowned with success unless tyranny and hypocrisy mean success.

WE believe that our readers will be more than pleased with the SIGNS this week, in the interesting and instructive articles which it contains; but we venture to assert that none will please many of our readers more than the "Letter from Pitcairn." This letter came by the way of London. We rejoice to know of the zeal, union, and prosperity of the work among that island band. Through all the opposition, they have held fast to the truth, and have shown that they love the truth by the sacrifices put forth to give this light to others. How it ought to stir the hearts of those who have prayed for Pitcairn Island so long, to know as we know it will the inhabitants of that island, to know that a missionary ship is an assured fact, God willing, in the near future—a ship not controlled by the demands of commerce or war, but under the control of devoted missionaries of Him who counts the worth of a soul more precious than all the riches of earth! May God speed the building of the ship, and may he help the dear friends in Pitcairn to hold fast till the day of Christ Jesus.

NUMBER 1 of volume 1 of the Southern Sentinel has recently come to our table, published by the Southwestern Publishing Co., Dallas, Texas. It is "set for the defense of American institutions and the Constitution of the United States as they now exist; opposed to any legislation, State or national, affecting the religious liberty of the citizen, and to religio-political movements of any kind." The first number is well gotten up, and full of live, interesting matter, and if well conducted in the future will do great good. Its editors are Brethren R. W. Roberson and W. A. McCutchen. Published weekly. 4 pp., 75 cents a year. Address, Southern Sentinel, 411 Elm Street, Dallas, Texas.

IT is stated that the Congregationalists are discussing the necessity for establishing a weekly paper, to be published in New York, which shall be to that church what the Church at Home and Abroad is to the Presbyterian. In form it will probably be like the Nation, and its name the Christian Nation. Do not the Congregationalists know that there is now published in New York City a paper bearing the same name which they propose to give their new publication? The present Christian Nation is a National Reform paper.