p. 575 | Signs of the Times, Vol. 42, No. 36. (9/14/1915)

Earlier text: The Active and Pestilential Fly

Milk and Its Products

By L. H. Ritzhaupt

Diseases That May Be Communicated — An Important Article of Food — Should Be Carefully Inspected

By L. H. RITZHAUPT, B. A.

THE milk of several animals, such as cows, goats, asses, mares, reindeer, and camels, are used for food, but in this country very little other than cows’ milk is utilized.

The composition of milk, being 87.4 per cent water, 3.5 per cent fat, 3.4 per cent casein and albumen, 5 per cent lactose or sugar, and 7 per cent ash, makes it a complete food for the infant, and fully meets the requirements of the growing body. In adults, it will sustain life comfortably for many months.

From our birth to our death, milk and its products are a large part of our diet. This is easily recognized by quoting from the Bureau of Animal Industry: “Milk and cream together furnish 16 per cent of the total food value of the average American family.” This does not include cheese, of which 300,000,000 pounds are made and consumed every year; nor butter, of which twice that amount is consumed in the same period.

DISEASES IT COMMUNICATES

Milk, according to its nutriment value, is one of the cheapest foods on the market. Therefore the rich and the poor alike use it. This is the reason why we find it so important a carrier of disease in typhoid, cholera, tuberculosis, diphtheria, scarlet fever, diarrhea, septic sore throat, and foot-and-mouth disease.

MILK INSPECTION

The United States government has appointed a milk commission, which has standardized milk into three classes: first, certified milk; second, inspected milk; and third, market milk.

In the first two classes, (a) the milk is to contain no pathogenic or disease-causing bacteria; (b) the milk, the dairy, and the cows are subjected to frequent inspections; (c) the cows must be free from any communicable disease; (d) the workmen must be free from disease; (e) the milk must be cooled immediately on drawing, and sold within the following twenty-four hours; (f) the milk must be free from all adulterants, of which water, thickening, coloring matter, and preservatives are common.

The third class, or market milk, is the ordinary milk, which goes on the market from the barn door, and has been examined in no way, neither does it bear any signs of inspection. This is the milk that gives the babies summer colic, and lays the adults in bed with typhoid fever. We find such milk distributed by the early morning milkmen in the smaller towns and cities, and other places where the long arm of the law cannot quite reach.

The last paragraph does not mean that you should stop using milk unless it is either certified or inspected, but it does mean that you should at least take precautions against the ordinary summer and autumn diseases that are so often transmitted by the “market milk.” This can be done by heating the milk to 150 degrees F. for one half hour, or by keeping the milk at a boiling temperature for one minute.

Milk should not be taken as a beverage, but as a food; and it is especially valuable as a diet for infants, and for persons sick of the acute infectious diseases, as typhoid fever, diphtheria, and smallpox. It is also used in nephritis and gastric ulcer. Cream is very good for hyperchlorhydria, the trouble commonly called heartburn. In very severe cases of fever, the predigested milk is given, and is of great service.

HOW TO TEST BUTTER

Butter is not so likely to transmit disease, except tuberculosis; but it is subject to all manner of adulterations. Chief among these are the lower grades or renovated butter. Adulteration is easily detected by taking a small piece of butter, half the size of a thimble, in a tablespoon, and heating it over an open flame. If it is good butter, it will boil over without sputtering. If it is renovated butter, it will crackle and sputter.

POSSIBILITIES IN CHEESE

Cheese is the decomposition product of the protein substance — casein and albumen — and fat of milk. Whole milk is usually used. In the process of cheese making, the casein, which constitutes more than three fourths of the proteins of the milk, is precipitated by the rennet, forming a curd. Most of the fat attaches itself to this curd. The curd is then broken up, and the whole is heated to a temperature between 96 degrees F. and 108 degrees F. The whey is drained off, and carries with it most of the milk sugar and albumen, leaving the casein and the fat. The curd is salted and pressed. It is wrapped, and kept for several weeks or longer in a cool place, where it “ripens,” developing flavors through the action of bacteria or other micro-organisms, and also undergoing certain other marked changes.

The average cheese, while fresh and moist, is one fourth its weight protein, about the same fats, and one third water. The commercial cheese of to-day is subject to a great many adulterations, such as lard, coloring matter, preservatives, starches, and mineral salts. Besides these, the length of time it is kept before selling makes it strong, and bordering on other putrefactive changes.

With the evil of the world showing itself in milk and its products as well as in other things, the only safe way is to have your own tested cow, and make your own butter and cheese. But this is not possible for all; therefore it behooves us to be careful, and do the best we can, using either certified or Pasteurized milk.

The Science in Chewing

By James H. Hara

Avoidance of Stomach Trouble by Proper Mastication

By JAMES H. HARA

At the very portal of the corridor of the human temple are sixteen pairs of teeth. Behind these is a roomy chamber; the floor of which is the tongue. Innumerable taste buds are scattered over the tongue, the tonsils, the uvula, the soft palate, the epiglottis, and their adjacent parts. Around the cavity are six reservoirs from which flows the salivary secretion.

As a digestive juice, saliva plays an important rôle in human economy. Contrary to the old belief, the whole great class of foodstuffs known as carbohydrates can be almost completely digested before the food reaches the stomach.

The experience of daily life teaches that the activity of the salivary glands begins even before the introduction of food into the mouth. A mere thought, sight, or smell of tempting food “makes one’s mouth water.” Aside from this psychical influence, the chief factor in the production of salivary secretion is chewing.

VALUE OF DRY FOODS

Professor Pavlov, a distinguished Russian physiologist, claims that the drier the food, the richer is the quantity and quality of salivary secretion. On the other hand, foods containing an abundance of water cause only a scanty flow. Indeed, “liquid food,” as Mr. Fletcher points out, “is a form of substance invented by civilization that Mother Nature did not count with when she planned the human body.”

In view of the natural brevity of the process, need we comment, asks Professor Chittenden, of Yale University, “upon the desirability, for purely physiological reasons, of prolonging within reasonable limits the interval of time the food and saliva are commingled in the mouth cavity?” It seems obvious, in view of the relatively large bulk of starch-containing foods consumed daily, that habits of thorough

mastication should be fostered, for the purpose of increasing greatly the digestion of starch at the very gateway of the alimentary tract. It is true that in the small intestines there comes later another opportunity for the digestion of starch; but it is unphysiological, as it is undesirable, for various reasons, not to take full advantage of the first opportunity Nature gives for the preparation of this important foodstuff for future utilization. Further, thorough mastication, by a fine commingling of the food particles, is a material aid in the digestion that is to take place in the stomach and the intestines.

Only a few years ago, Mr. Fletcher was made an object of ridicule. His “chewing cult” was a subject of nation-wide joke and jeer. But to-day the tide has changed. Fletcherism is no longer a fad or a fancy. Nor is it the hobby of an extremist. The scientific researches of Professor Pavlov and Dr. Van Someren of the Old World, and Professors Chittenden and Cannon of the New World, all unmistakably point in favor of thorough mastication.

The comparative study of the anatomy of the human oral cavity; the fact that there is such an abundant salivary secretion, and that nowhere else in the whole alimentary tract is there a single taste bud; the adaptability of teeth and tongue; and the wide range of motion of the jaw, with its powerful muscles—all clearly indicate the design of the Master Builder that our food be chewed and tasted.

In the maddened rush of the present-day human activity, many a man eats for ill health rather than for health. During the last two decades, there has been an appalling increase in diseases of the digestive organs. With enlightened understanding of life’s phenomena, it is very evident that many a “stomach ailment” owes its origin to the improper treatment to which the food was subjected in the receiving chamber of the living temple. Pain is the protest of Nature against her intruder. Disease is the fruit of sin. “God speaketh once, yea, twice, yet man perceiveth it not.”

In view of such manifold evidences from physiologic, anatomic, biochemic, and pathological viewpoints, can we too strongly emphasize the value of thorough mastication? Let all conform to every heaven-appointed precept. Then can we present our bodies as living sacrifices, and our lives shall be living epistles, “known and read of all men.”

MOTTOES, MOTTOES

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Ministry of Angels

By I. H. Evans

By ELDER I. H. EVANS

ARE ANGELS the souls of the departed, the disembodied spirits of the dead, or a higher order of beings than man? Were they created? And what is their place in God’s great family? Are there evil angels as well as good angels? And if so, were they so created, or have they apostatized from their former sinless state? If they did apostatize, how and when did it come about? May they not have access to the minds of mankind, and thus cause some of the phenomena of modern spiritism which are puzzling scientists to-day? Was Satan himself an angel at one time? If so, how did he become the archdeceiver, the enemy of all righteousness, the devil?

Do we each have a guardian angel? If so, what are his duties? Are there really such beings as recording angels, who keep records of our words and acts for reference in the future Judgment, or are all such references merely spiritual terms, which we, as finite beings, cannot fully grasp?

All these and many other questions of similar import regarding angels and their work are considered in the book that is just coming from the press, entitled “Ministry of Angels,” by Elder Evans. To those who are acquainted with the author’s clear, direct way of speaking and writing, it is unnecessary to say that this is a volume of unusual interest and importance. The following chapter titles show the order in which the subject is treated:

ANGELS EXISTED BEFORE MAN ANGELS REAL CREATED BEINGS THE FALL OF HEAVENLY ANGELS A HIGHER ORDER THAN MAN NUMBER OF THE ANGELS GLORY OF THE ANGELS POWER OF THE ANGELS RAPIDITY OF ANGELS’ MOVEMENTS THE GUARDIAN ANGELS THE RECORDING ANGELS AGENTS IN DIVINE REVELATION ANGEL MINISTRY TO ABRAHAM ANGEL MINISTRY TO JACOB ANGEL MINISTRY TO ISRAEL JESUS AND THE ANGELS ANGEL MINISTRY IN THE GOSPEL ANGELS AND THE SECOND ADVENT ANGELS AND THE REDEEMED IN GLORY

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Questions and Answers

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Germany and the Pope

THE dispatches say that the German papers, in commenting on some of the recent utterances of Chancellor Von Bethmann-Hollweg, declare that “the chancellor’s remarks were considered in clerical spheres as confirmation of the reports that Germany would appreciate the initiative of the pope in behalf of peace.”

One of the things that needs to be watched most closely by the student of prophecy is the rising sentiment among all the nations that the power of the papacy must be more directly and effectively used among the nations. One of the things that must come in order for the prophecies to be fulfilled will be a great ecclesiastical despotism. The world is in such a condition that it is turning instinctively to ecclesiastical power with the hope that it will be able to exert influences that will quiet the turbulent waters of social and national life.

Nominal Protestantism, federated together as a political power, will be the leader in this despotism in the New World, and Catholicism will be the great leader in the Old World. The prophecies make this point clear and strong, and one of the mightiest warnings that God has ever given is proclaimed against it through His word. Whether we be Protestant or Catholic, we need to study these things, not from the narrow partisan standpoint, but from the standpoint of the eternal truth of the living God. Our partisan and church affiliations alone will not save us in the storm that is bursting over the world. The only thing that can stand the test will be the personal experience of the true Christian who knows the great truth of the Bible for himself, and who has a personal, living contact with the infinite Christ.

Aerial Cruisers

WHEN the big war in Europe started, a little over a year ago, there were two modern weapons that had not been tested out to any great extent in actual battle,— the submarine and the various types of airships. But since the war has been in progress, there has been a feverish haste to develop both of these.

Recent dispatches tell of these aëro-cruisers that have been going in fleets across the enemies' countries, dropping bombs charged with asphyxiating gases, and spreading not only terror but destruction. The exploits with this class of death-dealing equipment were not so great during the early part of the war. They were used then more for scouting purposes. But there seems to have been time for quite a number of additional ones to be built, so that now they can be grouped in fleets, and sent on invading and destructive trips as well as on scouting duty.

ONE OF THE NEW ENGLISH GUNS IN ACTION ON THE GALLIPOLI PENINSULA. NOTE THE “RECOIL CYLINDERS.”

When one stops to think of the developments that have placed such weapons in the hands of men, so that they can rain great bombs of destruction from the air, how vividly does it bring to mind the language of the prophet Jeremiah, who was evidently viewing these very times in which we live, when he said:

“My anguish, my anguish! I am pained at my very heart; my heart is disquieted in me; I cannot hold my peace; because thou hast heard, O my soul, the sound of the trumpet; the alarm of war. Destruction upon destruction is cried; for the whole land is laid waste: suddenly are my tents destroyed, and my curtains in a moment.” Jer. 4:19, 20, A. R. V.

“Destruction upon destruction is cried,” says the prophet. “The whole land is laid waste.” How does this graphic language describe the waste and the destruction that are widespread in the war regions of devastated and bleeding Europe!

Following the verses quoted above, if the reader will take pains to turn to his Bible, he will find that the prophet is describing, in very vivid language, further scenes connected with the closing hours of time, when “the fruitful field was a wilderness, and all the cities thereof were broken down at the presence of Jehovah, and before His fierce anger.”

Not only do we have such scriptures as the foregoing that are descriptive of this time, but there is a deepening impression upon the minds of men everywhere that the world is standing in the presence of some sublime though awful climax. This impression is from the Spirit of God working upon the minds of men, to get them to realize the meaning of the prophetic Word, and to prepare for the great event that lies just before us.

“Are Misleading Us”

BENJAMIN IDE WHEELER, president of the University of California, in a recent address in San Francisco before the Navy League, said: “People who tell us there is no peril are misleading us. This is a time to have no doubts. The situation is clear. We must prepare ourselves. The citizen who does not willingly take his part in the national defense does not deserve the name of citizen.”

There are some strong voices in the world that are earnestly calling men to refrain from the war hysteria of the time, and to enter into the sane relations with each other that will establish and perpetuate peace; but these voices are well-nigh drowned by the clamors of other men who in frenzied tones are calling the nation to provide a gun for every man and to train him to use it.

In this “age of civilization” and of the “brotherhood of man,” in which we have been so earnestly told that we “are too wise and humane to fight,” these conflicting voices calling for both peace and war may be confusing unless our vision has been rendered clear through the prophetic word of the divine Father. The Lord has promised us, in His sacred Book, to hold the winds of strife until the breaking point of Armageddon’s war is approached. But the war storm will be held only till the divine message of warning can be given, and then the winds of war will be permitted to blow; and we may conclude that God is using the strong peace advocates to make war a shame and a disgrace, as it ought to be. On the other hand, those working to build up militarism are preparing the world for Armageddon, as was foreseen by the prophet.

We may hope, and we have reason to believe, that the influences for peace under the power of the divine Father will yet give us a little period of tranquillity before Armageddon finally comes. Yet when that time of peace is reached, the world will be in one of the greatest danger periods in all its history; for the same prophecies that reveal the holding of the winds under the influences of true peace movements, guided by the Prince of peace, also foretell a false peace movement that will lead the world into believing that it is in a time of perfect safety, when sudden destruction is ready to break over it.

If there ever was a time when men needed to know their Bibles for themselves, and to make devout and careful study of the prophetic portion of the sacred Book, that time is now. In the world all is confusion. There is unrest, anarchy, and distress rising on all sides of us; but by him who knows God’s word, this confusion is clearly understood. He knows what it means, and he sees beyond the confusion the bright hopes and substantial realities that are to be given to all the loyal and true when Jesus comes.

The Fulfillment of Prophecy

He who has devised the movements of the heavenly bodies with such mathematical accuracy, and prescribed such definite courses for the stars, has also given us prophecies concerning the outcome of this world. These prophecies are just as definite and accurate as are the laws that govern planet and sun. Minutely have the great leading facts of this world's history and its conditions been foretold. Have you gone into the audience chamber of the Most High, and listened to the voices of the prophets? If so, you are not confused in this time. You are not perplexed, troubled, nor distressed. You know what lies ahead, and are interestedly watching the unfolding of events.

Switzerland and Japan Prepare Arms

BOTH Switzerland and Japan, according to recent reports, are to devote themselves very actively to the establishing of munition plants for the purpose of manufacturing arms and equipment. There seems to be accumulating evidence that the allies are holding their forces largely in check until they can get enormous stores of ammunition and guns, when they will make a terrific drive against Germany and Austria. Every friend of peace and lover of humanity ought to pray earnestly that divine power may intervene to bring this awful war to a close before such an event shall bring about the terrible slaughter that is sure to result.